İşletme Fakültesi, Uluslararası Ticaret (İngilizce Destekli) Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/11467/9344

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Türkiye’de kadın hazır giyim sektörünün ithalat ve ihracat dengesinin incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi
(İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, 2024) Usluoğlu, Selma; Köksal, Cihat
Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki kadın hazır giyim sektörünün dış ticaret üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Özellikle, kadın hazır giyim ürünlerinin ithalat ve ihracat dengesinin ülkenin genel dış ticaret performansı üzerindeki rolü ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, kadın hazır giyim sektörünün Türkiye ekonomisine olan yansımalarını ve bu yansımaların makroekonomik göstergelere etkilerini belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, ekonometrik analiz yöntemi kullanılarak, Türkiye'nin genel ithalat ve ihracat değerleri bağımlı değişken olarak belirlenmiş, kadın hazır giyim sektörüne ait farklı GTIP kodları altında sınıflandırılmış ürünlerin ithalat ve ihracat değerleri ise bağımsız değişkenler olarak kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, kadın hazır giyim ürünlerinin ithalat ve ihracatının Türkiye’nin toplam dış ticaret dengesi üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkisi olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın bulguları, kadın hazır giyim sektörünün Türkiye'nin genel ithalatı üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkisinin olduğunu göstermiştir. Aynı zamanda, kadın hazır giyim ihracatının da Türkiye'nin genel ihracatı üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, kadın hazır giyim sektörünün ülke ekonomisi için stratejik bir öneme sahip olduğunu ve sektörel politikaların bu doğrultuda geliştirilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Sektörün sürdürülebilir büyümesi ve rekabet gücünün artırılması için ithalat ve ihracat dengesine yönelik stratejik önerilerin geliştirilmesi, Türkiye'nin ekonomik kalkınmasında kritik bir rol oynayabilir.
The relationship between organizational identification and job satisfaction in retail industry
(Istanbul Commerce University, 2023) Pehlivanoğlu, M. Çağrı; Civelek, Mustafa Emre; Eymür, Emre
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between organizational identification and job satisfaction among retail industry employees. Quantitative data was gathered using questionnaires. To ensure the scales' validity, principal component analysis was used. Cronbach alpha values were calculated to assess reliability. Simple regression was used to test the theoretical model hypothesis. The analyses were carried out using the statistical software SPSS. As the result of the analyses performed, the main hypothesis was supported. It has been empirically proven that Organizational Identification has positive effect on Job Satisfaction. Although these two constructs are subjects that have been researched for years, this research adds to the literature by investigating how the job satisfaction of employees working at a particular sector, the national retail industry, is affected within the framework of organizational identification. As a result, the study's findings indicated that further research should be done to improve organizational identification among employees in the retail industry to boost job satisfaction and decrease the risk of leaving.
The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Female Employees
(2022) Pehlivanoğlu, Çağrı M.; Eymür, Emre; Civelek, Mustafa Emre
In this study the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment in female employees has been examined. The structural equation modelling technique was used to analyze complex models with both direct and indirect relationships. Quantitative data was gathered by utilizing questionnaires. To demonstrate convergence validity, confirmatory factor analysis was used. Composite reliability and AVE scores were calculated to assess the scales' reliability and discriminant validity. The AMOS statistical program's structural equation model method was used to test the hypotheses. Out of six hypotheses, two of them were supported. It has been empirically proven that Internal Job Satisfaction has a direct effect on Affective Commitment and Normative Commitment, where External Job Satisfaction does not have a direct effect on any sub-dimensions of organizational commitment. Although job satisfaction and organizational commitment have been examined individually in many studies, this research focused on female employees working in the service sector while evaluating the relationship between the two concepts in the light of current data.
Problems in cross-border e-commerce and development of cross-border e-commerce performance scale
(Jital, 2022) Saydam, Safiye Gizem; Civelek, Mustafa Emre
Digitalization has brought some changes in the commercial field as well as in every field. It has removed the international borders and introduced the concept of electronic commerce, which enables easy trade in the electronic environment. In this study, it is aimed to determine the problems experienced by cross border e-commerce companies and to develop the cross border e-commerce performance scale. In this context, as a first step, the most important problems were determined by interviewing the executive of the companies operating in the sector in order to create the survey questions. In the second stage, a questionnaire was applied to a group of 55 people consisting of middle and senior e-commerce experts. The validity and reliability analyse of the questions forming the questionnaire were made. As a result of the analyses, a scale was developed that measures the performance of cross border e-commerce companies. This scale developed in the field of cross border e-commerce is a first in the world. In the study, cross border e-commerce is examined in general terms and as the main problems in the sector; Problems arising from marketing, logistics, taxation and customs, payment, support and incentives have been identified. The problems arising in the field of cross border e-commerce were examined in detail, and solutions and suggestions were developed to these problems, contributing to the sector.
Teknolojik işsizlik kaygısı ölçeği
(Hiper Yayın, 2022) Pehlivanoğlu, Çağrı; Civelek, Mustafa Emre
The development process of production technologies, which started with the agricultural revolution in the history of humanity and continued with the industrial revolution, is advancing much faster than ever before. The agricultural revolution and the industrial revolution have differentiated the production methods, so the social structure has changed. Mankind has transformed from a hunter-gatherer society to an agricultural society and then an industrial society over time. The developments experienced triggered revolutions and wars in many countries. Today, with the accelerating digitalization, production methods are changing radically. Knowledge has taken its place among the classical production factors and has become the most important. The society has begun to transform from an industrial society to an information society. This situation also lays the groundwork for many social and political problems. In the current phase, these changes have created a fragile economic structure and a volatile labor market, where uncertainty and complexity are increasing. Observations and scientific studies show that future developments create a curious wait for some people, but for the others, they cause intense anxiety with the thought that it will create unemployment in the near future. The concept of “technological unemployment anxiety” has been examined in the research conducted by using the “technological unemployment anxiety scale” developed by Civelek and Pehlivanoğlu (2020) in the light of current concrete data. In this study, the concept of post-digital ecosystem, unemployment, technological unemployment anxiety and its dimensions were evaluated.
The effects of export import coverage ratio on economy
(Jital, 2021) Özkan, Afife; Civelek, Mustafa Emre
In this research, a conceptual model was tested in order to clarify the relationship between the foreign trade balance and economic growth. Therefore the main purpose of the research is to examine the effect of the ratio of exports to imports on economic growth. Reliability -tested secondary data prepared by international institutions were used for per capita GDP values and the ratio of countries' exports to imports. Regression analysis was performed using the mentioned data using the SPSS computer program. The per capita GDP values of 126 countries for the years 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 and the ratio of the countries' exports to their imports were used in the study. By performing regression analysis, it was concluded that there is a statistically significant relationship between GDP values and the export- import coverage ratio values of the countries.
A nexus between macroeconomic dynamics and trade openness: moderating role of institutional quality
(Emerald Publishing, 2021) Zhuang, Yu; Yang, Shuili; Chupradit, Supat; Nawaz, Muhammad Atif; Xiong, Rong; Köksal, Cihat
Purpose – First, the current study contributes to the available debate by reinvestigating the impact of economic growth (EG), foreign direct investment (FDI), technological innovation (TI) and inflation (INF) on trade openness (TO). Second, the study tests the moderating role of institutional quality (INS) on the relationship among EG, FDI, TI and TO. Third, the study tests how TO contributes to EG efficiency. Design/methodology/approach – The study collects the data from the group of twenty (G20) economies for the period of 1998–2020. The study applied the Kao (1999), Pedroni (2001), and Palamuleni (2017) cointegration tests to test the long-run association between variables. The study applied fully modified least square (FMOLS) and dynamic least square (DOLS) models to test the hypotheses. Findings – Findings of the study showed the positive impact of EG, FDI and TI on TO, which becomes more positive in the presence of institutional quality. Results indicate that INS plays an enhancing role in the relationship between FDI and TO, EG and TO and TI and TO. The study showed a negative relationship between INF and TO, and institutional quality plays a buffering role in the relationship between INF and TO. Originality/value – First, the study reinvestigates the empirical association among EG, FDI, TI, INF and TO. Second, the study tests the moderating role of INS on the relationship between the proposed variables by developing an index of all the indicators of INS. Third, the study tests the contributions of TO in economic efficiency (ECE). The contributions of the present study will increase the available literature of TO and help the policy makers of G20 nations to suggest important policies to promote TO and ECE.
The role of financial efficiency in renewable energy demand: Evidence from OECD countries
(Elsevier, 2021) Cihat, Köksal; Katircioglu, Setareh; Katircioğlu, Salih
This study searches the role of the financial system efficiency in renewable energy demand for the case of the 36 OECD countries. Numerous financial system proxies are used between 1990 and 2017. Results show that financial system proxies generally are poorly linked to the renewable energy demand of the OECD member states. Although the coefficient of the overall financial development proxy is positively significant for renewable energy demand, the coefficients of financial efficiency are insignificant. The present study finds significant effects of the overall financial markets and institutions on renewable energy demand; however, any vital link between financial system efficiency and renewable energy demand could not be obtained in the OECD countries. Policy implications regarding this major finding are provided in the current study.
İhracat kredi sigortalarının ihracat değeri üzerindeki etkisi: gelişmiş ülkeler üzerine bir panel veri analizi
(Maliye ve Finans Yazıları Yayıncılık, 2019) Köksal, Cihat; Genç, Elif Güneren
Bir ülkede ihracatın teşvik edilmesi için en önemli araçlardan birisi ihracat kredi sigortalarıdır. Bu çalışmada ülkelerin ihracatlarını teşvik etmek için Eximbanklarının yapmış olduğu ihracat kredi sigortalarının temel olarak ülke ihracatlarını nasıl etkilediği sorusuna yanıt aranmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan yöntemlerden Panel Veri Analizi, 22 yüksek gelirli ülkeye uygulanmıştır. Panel Veri Analizi sonucunda hem kısa hem de orta-uzun vadeli ihracat sigortasının ihracatı anlamlı bir biçimde pozitif yönde etkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Orta-uzun vadeli ihracat sigortasının ihracata etkisinin kısa vadeli ihracat sigortasından daha fazla olduğu görülmektedir.
The impact of the 2008 crisis on total insurers’ investment portfolio in Europe: Dynamic panel approach
(Sciedu Press, 2015) Güneren Genç, Elif; Deniz Başar, Özlem
Economic and financial crises change several balances in countries and affect many different sectors. In 2008, the economic and financial crisis occurred in the west influenced the insurance sector more than the banking sector in European countries. Investment portfolio of insurance companies might be affected by many variables. It is though that the crisis does not direct impacts but it affects these variables and causes changes in insurers’ investment portfolio. In this study, models were formed in order to measure the impacts of the crisis on investment portfolio of insurance companies and results were compared. It was found out that the crisis in 2008 had impacts on total investment portfolio of European insurance companies and work and workplace premium were identified as the most effective variable in terms of increase in investment portfolio of companies.
Research trends of service export: a bibliometric study
(2020) Karadayı, Talha; Akdemir, Doğan Mert
Export is the first stage of internationalization for companies to enter new markets with the aim of marketing their products and services, promoting growth, and reducing risk. Service export, on the other hand, can be defined as the service provided by a resident company to individuals or companies residing abroad. Service exports have become increasingly important thanks to developments that will facilitate the physical distances to be exceeded, such as increased transportation facilities, the widespread of the Internet, and the fact that portable smart devices become more important in our daily life. Within the scope of this study, using the bibliometric analysis method, academic studies published on the Web of Science (WoS) database for 45 years, including 1975 and 2019 years, were analyzed and the thematic development of the service export topic was examined by scientific mapping. With this study, it is aimed to reveal the interest of service exports, which increase the popularity of businesses and promise a high value-added income, and to determine which themes and dynamics are explored with service export. The study also aims to provide awareness and perspective to researchers who want to carry out studies in this field. In the research conducted with the title constraint on Web of Science, 312 studies were determined, 92 of these studies were excluded because they were irrelevant to the subject, and examinations were made for the remaining 220 studies. Accordingly, the number of publications, citations, themes, research areas, the distribution of publications by years, the h-index, and the document type, institution, country data on this issue were examined. The paper shows that research interest in the service export theme has been growing in recent years, and mainly some topics such as developing countries, productivity, innovation, and human capital have emerged as the thematic areas in the field of service export.
Türkiye’de belediyelerin coso modeli uyarınca oluşturdukları iç kontrol uyum eylem planları üzerine bir araştırma
(Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, 2020) Yılmaz, Onur Kemal; Karakaya, Gencay
Within the scope of the study, firstly, conceptual explanations related to the internal control structure, COSO and internal control action plans are made. Afterwards, regarding the research part of the study, population and sample of it is presented. While the population consists of metropolitan municipalities working in the Turkish local government system, the sample consists of metropolitan municipalities that publish internal control compliance action plans on their websites. In this context, while the number of the population is 30, the number of the sample is 16 and the sample representation rate of the population is 53%. Within the scope of the research, the internal control compliance action plans of the municipalities are examined in detail and what actions they take in accordance with the standards are determined on 1264 actions specified in the reports. According to the data obtained as a result of the study, it is observed that the municipalities have developed internal control compliance action plans with standard content in accordance with laws and regulations and planned actions in 79 sub-components. It is concluded that these actions are compatible among municipalities and comply with internal control standards.
Vuca dönemlerinde coso kurumsal risk yönetiminin önemi: covid-19 salgın sonrası yükseköğretim kurumları için model önerisi
(ADAMOR Toplum Araştırmaları Merkezi, 2020) Karakaya, Gencay
Kurumların katma değer oluşturacak şekilde yönetilmeleri için birden fazla yönetim modeli ve teorisi geliştirilmiştir. 2000’li yılların başına kadar çoğunlukla özel sektör işletmelerinde görülen bu uygulamalar, bu tarihten itibaren ayrım gözetmeksizin tüm idarelerin dikkatini çekmiş ve uygulanmıştır. Bu noktada kurumsal risk yönetiminin (KRY) teori ve uygulamaları, gerek özel sektör kuruluşlarının gerek kamu idarelerinin programlarında yer almaya başlamıştır. Belirsizlikleri azami ölçüde ortadan kaldırma, değişimlere olan duyarlılığı artırma ve olası karmaşıklığı önlemeyi amaçlayan KRY; son dönemlerde önemi giderek artan başka bir kavram ile teori bazında örtüşmektedir. Bu kavram VUCA kavramıdır. İş dünyası başta olmak üzere tüm alanlarda konuşulmaya başlanan VUCA; volatility (değişkenlik), uncertainty (belirsizlik), complexity (karmaşıklık) ve ambiguity (muğlaklık) kelimelerinin baş harflerinden oluşmaktadır. KRY modelinin temelinde önlemeyi amaçladığı her sorun, VUCA dönemlerinde idarelerin önüne çıkmaktadır. Bu anlamda önemi ve görevi giderek artan yükseköğretim kurumları, bir VUCA dönemi olarak COVID-19 salgın süreci ve sonrasında etkin ve verimli bir KRY’ne ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Ülkemizde yükseköğretim kurumları KRY rehberleri düzenlemekte ve kamuoyu ile paylaşmaktadır. Ancak 2020 yılı itibariyle gündemimize giren ve daha ne kadar gündemimizde kalacağını bilmediğimiz COVID-19 salgını, yükseköğretim kurumlarında bundan sonrası için, modern, güncel ve ihtiyaca uygun bir KRY rehberini elzem hale getirmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında salgın sonrası, yükseköğretim kurumlarının etkin KRY süreçlerini işletebilmeleri adına bir model önerisinde bulunulmuştur.
İnternet psikografiği: çevrimiçi tüketicilerin farklılıklarının demografik özellikler açısından incelenmesi
(Aksaray Üniversitesi, 2020) Akdemir, Doğan Mert; Yavuz, Burak; Ayçin, Ejder; Doğan, Onur
Her geçen gün fiziksel mağazacılık yerini internet mağazacılığına bırakırken, dijital ortamdaki tüketici davranışlarının anlaşılması önem kazanmaktadır. Tüketicilerin psikografik özelliklerinin, demografik özelliklere göre değişip değişmediğinin belirlenmesi bu açıdan önemlidir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de internet üzerinden alışveriş yapan kişilerin internet psikografisi değişkenlerinin, demografik değerler ile oluşan gruplar arasında bir farklılık gösterip göstermediğinin ortaya konulması amacını taşımaktadır. Çalışmada, internet psikografiğinde yer alan boyutlara (İnternet Alışverişini Kolay ve Eğlenceli Görme, İnternet Alışverişinde Zorluk Yaşama, İnternet Alışverişini Nasıl Yapacağını Bilmeme, Finansal Bilgilerin Çalınmasından Korkma, Fiziksel Mağazalardan Alışverişi Sevme, İnternetten Uygun Fiyatlı ve Kaliteli Alışveriş Yapma Olanağı) yönelik cevaplar ile demografik özellikler temel alınarak, hipotezler kurulmuş ve test edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre tüketicilerin yaş, bilgisayar kullanma becerisi ve internetten alışveriş yapma sıklığına göre internet psikografiği ifadelerinde farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.
Prioritizing of Risk Components in the perishable goods supply chain and Supplier selection in supply chain risk management
(Science and Engineering Research Support Society, 2020) Karakaya, Gencay; Ghorbani, Shahryar
Presently, the topics of supply chain risk management and supplier selection have become one of the most important issues in the world and many studies have been done on such topic. The members of a supply chain are trying to respond to the market demand by choosing the best supplier. On the other hand, there is undeniable risk in the supply chain, and members of a chain tend to identify and prioritize these risks in order to be able to react quickly to prevent potential risks. The issue of identifying risk and choosing the best supplier in a perishable goods supply chain is important due to the short life of these and choosing an incorrect strategy for selecting supplier may impose irreparable damage to organizations. As a result, the main objective of this research is to prioritize the risk factors of the supply chain of perishable goods supply chain and selecting the appropriate supplier by using the Shannon entropy and COPRAS. In this study, firstly by applying literatures and expert's viewpoint on supply chain management, the criteria were identified. Then, to reduce the number of variables, the factor analysis method was used. In addition, the entropy method has been used to calculate the weight of the variables. Finally, multiple suppliers were ranked by Cooper's method. Based on the results of this study, there are 9 risk factors of high priority, most important of which is demand risk.
Dolarizasyon olgusu: 2008 finansal krizinden sonra Türkiye’de dolarizasyon incelemesi
(Mehmet Ali KARAMAN, 2020) Karakaya, Gencay; Karaoğlu, Yemilhan
Bu çalışmanın amacı dolarizasyon kavramı hakkında detaylı bilgiler vererek, özellikle Türkiye’de son yıllarda etkisini artıran dolarizasyon etmenleri açıklamak ve 2008 finansal ekonomik krizinden sonra ortaya çıkan ortamda Türkiye’nin dolarizasyon pozisyonlarını detaylarıyla birlikte incelemektir. Dünya ekonomilerinde belirsizliklerin arttığı kriz dönemlerinde ismi daha çok anılmaya başlayan dolarizasyon, küresel ekonomide finansal krizlerin ortaya çıkmasıyla daha da ilgi çekici bir hal almıştır. Dolarizasyon en yalın haliyle bugünün finansal dünyasında kendisine güvenilen yabancı para birimleri üzerinden finansal işlemlerini gerçekleştirmek olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu duruma sebep olan önemli bir faktör olarak, finansal krizlerden sonra genellikle ortaya çıkan enflasyonist baskının hane halkı üzerindeki olumsuz etkisidir. Hane halkının bu duruma çözüm sağlanmasını amaçlayarak, finansal istikrarı sağlamak adına güven duyulan yabancı para birimlerine yöneltmesi ve özellikle ithal ürünlerin fiyatlarının doğrudan yabancı para birimleri üzerinden belirlenmesiyle ortaya çıkan zincirleme bir süreçtir. Çalışmada, enflasyon ile dolarizasyon olgusu karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenecek ve dolarizasyonun hane halkı üzerindeki finansal etkisinin sonuçları ortaya koyulacaktır.
Bilgi çağında yükseköğretim muhasebe eğitiminde karşılaşılan sorunlar ve öneriler
(Kırgızistan Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi, 2020) Karakaya, Gencay
Dijitalleşme, sayısallaşma, yapay zekâ, makine öğrenmesi gibi kavramların konuşulduğu günümüz bilgi çağının, eğitim öğretim alanındaki en temel sorunlara henüz çare olamadığı açıkça görülmektedir. Özellikle yükseköğretimde ana bilim dalları düzeyinde oluşturulan ve katma değer oluşturması beklenen müfredatlar, programlar ve ders içerikleri bilgi çağının gerisinde seyretmektedir. Öğrencilere analitik düşünme, muhakeme, sorunu tespit etme ve çözüm bulma gibi temel kazanımların verilmesi hususu halen ihmal edilmektedir. Bu yönüyle üniversitelerin etkin kaynak yönetimleri de sekteye uğramaktadır. Bu nedenle bilgi çağının sunduğu yenilikler ve fırsatlar geri planda kalmakta, yükseköğretim seviyesindeki eğitim öğretim, potansiyelden giderek uzaklaşarak vasat altı bir çizgide devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, muhasebe eğitimi kapsamında, katma değer oluşturacak bir eğitim öğretim modeli oluşturamama sorunu detaylı şekilde incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda çalışma kapsamında kavramsal bir çerçeve ile birlikte çok kriterli bir analize de yer verilmiştir.
Disruptive technologies in logistics industry and their possible effects on international trade
(Avrasya Bilimler Akademisi, 2020) Civelek, Mustafa Emre; Karabulut, Cansu
The concept of disruptive technology is used to describe the development and evolution of innovative products or services that destroy, destruct and replace existing products and services that already exist. Production methods have changed radically with the rise of digital economy in recent years. Thus, the need for people continues to decrease significantly. Jobs in various sectors have become fragile due to accelerated automation. Advances in artificial intelligence technology, in particular, change processes in many branches. Foreign trade is affected by these developments. Disruptive technologies, especially in international logistics, will accelerate this change. The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of disruptive technologies emerging in the field of logistics on international trade.
Mitigative measures against the economic and social problems in post-digital ecosystem
(Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Rzeszowskiej, 2020) Civelek, Mustafa Emre
Today’s effective and efficient production processes are expected to bring abundance. But they would cause the crisis because people who demand products are losing their jobs. This phenomenon is the gridlock of the post-digital ecosystem2. In the post-digital ecosystem, productivity increases with the development in the automation and artificial intelligence technologies. Widespread automation and artificial intelligence technologies enable the business processes around the world to use less labour force3. Then, an increase in productivity causes an increase in unemployment. As a result, the purchasing power of consumers is decreasing. In the present capitalist economic system, there is no solution to this problem. Therefore, this phenomenon is called as a vicious cycle4. Until the collapse of the capitalist economic system, this vicious cycle will continue to loop5. The distinctive feature of this new economic system characterises the increase in productivity and the decrease in costs that occurs as a result of automation technologies6. In digital economy, information became the most important production factor and the importance of capital and labour gradually decreased7. In 1930, John Maynard Keynes mentioned Technology-related unemployment8. He suggested that there would be no need to work in the future abundance economy. He called the future as the age of leisure. Jeremy Rifkin, in his book The Zero Marginal Cost Society: The Internet of Things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism also described the future as an abun-dance economy. According to Rifkin, in the future, production will be performed in small units instead of in big plants. He predicts that the mass production age will end. People will be able to produce some products and free energy in their own facilities. People have also started to use three-dimensional printing technologies in their houses9. Some scholars use the name crowd-based capitalism for the new sharing economy which is regarded as an alternative to the capitalist economy10. If capitalist system collapses, the excess fiat money created until now should be revoked and extracted from economic system. Today, as a disruptive technology, blockchain may radically change the money perception by eliminating third-party intermediaries and controllers such as banks and governments. According to some proponents of cashless economy, blockchain technology is a decentralized alternative to banking system11. In this cashless trade system, the definition of trade will also change. Trade in machine age will transform into the exchange of the goods produced by machines. Main purpose of trade in this new economic system is to meet human needs. Therefore, money will gradually be replaced by the importance of needs. With the extinction of privacy, machines will establish control on the needs of human by directing them in social media. Therefore, in the post-digital ecosystem, another important problem is the extinction of the privacy. As social media usage has increased, people have been more visible and enjoyed increased personal influence but they eventually trade off their privacy. Security and traffic cameras, biometric identification devices (including cellular phones), mapping softwares continuously collect personal information of people. Today, individuals are under total surveillance. Big data analysis techniques allow software companies to know their customers better than they know about themselves personally. Avoiding this total surveillance is almost impossible for an ordinary person nowadays. Consequences of total extinction of the privacy may be harmful to human’s mental health. But, humanity has no choice other than surrendering to this phenomenon. These developments, which will lead to an abundance economy for some people, but on the other side of the coin, mean inequality, poverty and unemployment for some people. Inequality stems from the dynamics of the post-digital ecosystem poses some threads to the economic and social structure of the countries. Fundamental philosophy of current capitalist economy depends upon inequality. Therefore, the turmoil will continue until the collapse of capitalism.
Lojistik Sektöründe Endüstri 4.0 Uygulamalarının Operasyonel Verimliliğe Etkisi
(BMIJ, 2020) Ertemel, Adnan Veysel; Alkış, G.; Pirtini, S.
Endüstri 4.0 tüm dünyada hemen her sektör için yıkıcı etkisi olan bir kavramdır. Akıllı üretim sistemlerinin değer zincirinin her aşamasında yıkıcı etki yapmasının öngörüldüğü Endüstri 4.0 vizyonunda lojistik en fazla etkilenecek sektörlerden biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Alan yazında Endüstri 4.0 uygulamalarının lojistik sektörüne etkisi incelenmekle birlikte operasyonel verimlilik üzerine etkisi üzerine yeterince çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu araştırmada Endüstri 4.0 uygulamalarının lojistik sektöründe operasyonel verimliliğe etkisi incelenmektir. Araştırmada operasyonel verimlilik; taşıma yönetimi, depo ve envanter yönetimi, sipariş yönetimi, müşteri hizmetleri ve maliyet verimliliği yönlerinden ele alınarak ayrıntılı bir biçimde açıklanmıştır. Veriler Endüstri 4.0’ı etkin olarak kullanan lojistik firmalarının bu konuda yetkin üst ve orta düzey yöneticileri ile derinlemesine mülakat, gözlem ve doküman incelemeleri yapılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin güvenilirliğini sağlamak için Kappa Analizi kullanılmıştır. Veri çözümlemesi yaparken, açık, eksenel ve seçici kodlamalar yapılarak gömülü teori oluşturulmuştur.

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