Üniversite ve siyaset; Çarlık Rusyası ve Osmanlı Devletinde Meşrutiyet hareketinde yüksekokullar - 1905 / 1908
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
19. yüzyılda Avrupa’da yaşanan ekonomik, kültürel ve siyasi gelişmeler belli bir süreçte ve oranda Osmanlı Devleti ve Çarlık Rusya’sını etkisi altına almıştır. İhtilalden sonra büyük sosyal patlamalar yaşayan Fransa, koalisyon ve Napolyon savaşlarıyla Avrupa’yı sarsarken Batı’da yaşanan modernleşme akımlarını gittiği ülkelere taşımıştır. Aydınlar modern düşünceyle temas kurarken klasik monarşik yapılar gelişmelere ayak uydurmak için reform hareketlerine girişmiştir. Avrupa’da anayasal monarşi talebiyle birbiri ardınca devrimler yaşanırken Osmanlı Devleti ve Rusya’nın bundan etkilenmemesi düşünülemezdi. Batı kültürüyle yakından temas halinde olan yükseköğretim kurumları, aydınlarla, siyasi partilerle beraber değişimin en önemli aktörleri olmuştur. Sanayileşme sürecini yakalayamayan ve farklı bir sosyal yapıya sahip olan Osmanlı devletinde işçi sınıfı ve halkın katılımı sınırlı düzeyde kalırken aydınlar, askerler ve öğrenciler anayasal monarşiye (1908) giden yolun öncüsü olmuştur. Dış müdahalelerle Balkanlarda yaşanan isyanlar da önemli faktörler arasındadır. Benzer bir süreci yaşamakla beraber farklı bir sosyal dokuya sahip olan, yabancı yatırımlarla sanayileşmede daha büyük yol kat eden Rusya’da işçi sınıfı, aydınlar ve öğrencilerin şiddetli eylemlerine Japon savaşı yenilgisi eklenince 1905 - 6’da Çar, anayasal monarşiye geçmeyi kabul etmek zorunda kalmıştır.
In this study, the author comparatively examines the contribution of universities to the constitutional movements in Tsarist Russia and the Ottoman Empire. It tries to reveal the similarities and differences between the position of universities and their political participation in the intellectual and political life of the period. The economic, cultural and political developments in Europe in the 19th century influenced Tsarist Russia and the Ottoman Empire in a certain period and to a certain extent. While intellectuals came into contact with modern thought, classical monarchical structures initiated reform movements to keep up with developments. While revolutions were taking place one after another in Europe demanding constitutional monarchy, it was unthinkable that Russia and the Ottoman Empire would not be affected by this. Higher education institutions, which are in close contact with Western culture, have become the most important actors of change along with intellectuals and political parties. In Russia, which had made great progress in industrialization, when the defeat of the Japanese war was added to the social actions of the working class, intellectuals and students, the Tsar had to accept the transition to constitutional monarchy in 1905-6. While the participation of the working class and the public remained limited in the Ottoman state, which had a different social structure, intellectuals, soldiers and students were the pioneers of the road to constitutional monarchy of 1908.
In this study, the author comparatively examines the contribution of universities to the constitutional movements in Tsarist Russia and the Ottoman Empire. It tries to reveal the similarities and differences between the position of universities and their political participation in the intellectual and political life of the period. The economic, cultural and political developments in Europe in the 19th century influenced Tsarist Russia and the Ottoman Empire in a certain period and to a certain extent. While intellectuals came into contact with modern thought, classical monarchical structures initiated reform movements to keep up with developments. While revolutions were taking place one after another in Europe demanding constitutional monarchy, it was unthinkable that Russia and the Ottoman Empire would not be affected by this. Higher education institutions, which are in close contact with Western culture, have become the most important actors of change along with intellectuals and political parties. In Russia, which had made great progress in industrialization, when the defeat of the Japanese war was added to the social actions of the working class, intellectuals and students, the Tsar had to accept the transition to constitutional monarchy in 1905-6. While the participation of the working class and the public remained limited in the Ottoman state, which had a different social structure, intellectuals, soldiers and students were the pioneers of the road to constitutional monarchy of 1908.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Osmanlı, Sultan, Rusya, Çar, Monarşi, Anayasa, Ottoman, Russia, Tsar, Monarchy, Constitution
Kaynak
Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi (Online)
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
7
Sayı
1
Künye
Kahraman, K. (2024). Üniversite ve Siyaset; Çarlık Rusyası ve Osmanlı Devletinde Meşrutiyet Hareketinde Yüksekokullar - 1905 / 1908. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi (Online), 7(1), 27-39.
