İktisadi ve siyasi etkenlerle Osmanlı’da dış göç: 16. yüzyılda mühimme defterlerinde
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2015
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Nüfus kazanma veya yitirme anlamına gelen dış göçün, 16. asırda Osmanlı’da, hangi etkenlerle yaşandığı sorgulandı. Dışardan göçerek gelen ve Osmanlı’dan dışarıya göç edenlerin hangi etkenler altında yer değiştirdikleri hakkında bilgi edinmek amaçlandı. Sınırlı sayıda Mühimme Defteri tarandı. İkincil kaynaklarla desteklendi. Hükümlerin; transkripsiyonu verildikten sonra günümüz Türkçesi ile özeti ve ana teması verildi. Bazı belgelerde sadeleştirme yapıldı. Doğuda Sâfevî İranı, Batıda ise Macaristan-Avusturya sınır bölgelerinde, nüfus hareketliliği işlendi. Uygulamada birlik, bütünlük, hukuka uygunluk, adalet ve uyum ilkeleri görüldü. Dışarıya göçün istenmediği, önlenmesi amacıyla tedbirlerin alınmasının yöneticilerden talep edildiği görülmüştür. Nüfus hareketlerinin; güvenlik arayışı, yaylak-kışlak yerlerinin yöneticiler tarafından başkalarına verilmesi, vergi yükünün ağırlığı, dışarıdan nüfus çağrılması, bir idarecinin verilen yerleri beğenmemesi, rea’âyadan bir kısmının Safevîlere katılma faaliyetleri, üç yıla kadar vergi muafiyeti, iç kesimlerden nüfus çekilmesi gibi ekonomik, politik, idari, sosyal ve mezhebî sebeplere dayandığı anlaşılmıştır. Nüfusun bulunduğu yerde yaşamasını teşvik edici, refah şartlarını sağlayan, ülkede kalmasını sağlayıcı nüfus politikalarının uygulanması önerilmiştir.
In the 16th century’s Ottoman, external migration, which means winning or losing population, were questioned to originate from which factors. Gaining information about, under which factors, the migrate from the outside and migrating out of the Ottoman replaced each other, were aimed. The provisions of a limited number of Muhimmah were screened and was supported by secondary sources. After the transcription of the provisions were given, summary and main theme were given with today’s Turkish. Simplification was made in some documents. It was seen to be demanded from the concerned state officials that the required measures be taken for the prevention of population movements, the population mobility in Safavid Iran in the East and on the borderland between Hungary and Austria in the West, were processed. In practice, unity, integrity, legality, justice and harmony principles were observed. The population movements were based on such reasons as economical, political, administrative, social and denominational; with the purpose of search for security; that the summer pastures and winter quarters were seized of them by the rulers to be transferred to some others for diverse reasons; the heavy burden of taxes; invited population from abroad; that those places allocated were considered to be insufficient by some administrators; the attempts of some people to join the Safavids; offering tax exemption up to three years and drawing populations from inlands. The implementation of the population policy that, encourages the population living in the place they are, providing welfare requirements, has been proposed.
In the 16th century’s Ottoman, external migration, which means winning or losing population, were questioned to originate from which factors. Gaining information about, under which factors, the migrate from the outside and migrating out of the Ottoman replaced each other, were aimed. The provisions of a limited number of Muhimmah were screened and was supported by secondary sources. After the transcription of the provisions were given, summary and main theme were given with today’s Turkish. Simplification was made in some documents. It was seen to be demanded from the concerned state officials that the required measures be taken for the prevention of population movements, the population mobility in Safavid Iran in the East and on the borderland between Hungary and Austria in the West, were processed. In practice, unity, integrity, legality, justice and harmony principles were observed. The population movements were based on such reasons as economical, political, administrative, social and denominational; with the purpose of search for security; that the summer pastures and winter quarters were seized of them by the rulers to be transferred to some others for diverse reasons; the heavy burden of taxes; invited population from abroad; that those places allocated were considered to be insufficient by some administrators; the attempts of some people to join the Safavids; offering tax exemption up to three years and drawing populations from inlands. The implementation of the population policy that, encourages the population living in the place they are, providing welfare requirements, has been proposed.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Göç, Nüfus Hareketleri, Aşiretler, Sâfevî, Osmanlı, Bozulus, Karaulus, Emigration, Population Movements, Ashirats, Safavid, Ottoman, Bozulus, Karaulus
Kaynak
Sosyoloji Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
30
