Bulgaristan Emâreti (Prensliği) anayasası: 1879 Tırnova anayasası
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Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Yayıncı
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Şark Meselesi kapsamında düvel-i muazzama arasında süren nüfuz mücadelesine bir denge sağlamak üzere 1878’de Berlin Antlaşması imzalanmıştır. Bu Antlaşma’nın sonuçlarından biri de Osmanlı Devleti’ne bağlı özerk nitelikte Bulgaristan Prensliği’nin kurulmasıdır. Antlaşma, Prensliğin teşkilatını belirlemek üzere bir anayasa yapılmasını öngörmüştür. Antlaşma ayrıca, Anayasanın yapılışına, yürürlük zamanına, Prens’in seçimine ve temel hak ve özgürlüklere ilişkin düzenlemeler de içermektedir. Böylece Berlin Antlaşması, Prenslik Anayasası’nın hem dayanağını oluşturmakta hem de belli ölçüde onun genel çerçevesini belirlemektedir. Bulgaristan Prensliği’nin Osmanlı Devletine bağlı olduğuna ilişkin Berlin Antlaşması’nda yer alan düzenleme, Tasarı metninden çıkarılarak Anayasa’da yer almamıştır. 28 Nisan 1879’da Tırnova’da toplanan kurucu meclis tarafından kabul edilen Anayasa, 22 bölüm halinde 169 maddeden oluşmaktadır. Yasama, yürütme ve yargı organına yer veren Anayasa, eksik olmakla birlikte temel hak ve özgürlükler listesi içermektedir. Prens’e sistemde üstün bir konum sağlayan Anayasa, yasama gücüne sahip olsa da yürütmeyi denetleme yetkisi sınırlı bir parlamento öngörmektedir. Anayasa, Bulgaristan’ın 1908’de bağımsızlığı ve Krallığı ilan etmesine kadar Prenslik Anayasası olma niteliğini sürdürmüştür. Tırnova Anayasası, Prenslik sonrası gelen Krallık ve Komünizm Dönemlerinde varlığını koruyarak 1947 yılına kadar yürürlükte kalmıştır.
The Treaty of Berlin was signed in 1878 to provide a balance to the struggle for influence between the great powers within the scope of the Eastern Question. One of the results of this Treaty was the establishment of the autonomous Bulgarian Principality, which was subordinate to the Ottoman State. The Berlin Treaty envisaged the making of a constitution to determine the organization of the Principality. The Treaty also includes a regulation on the making of the Constitution, the time of its validity, the election of the Prince, and fundamental rights and freedoms. Thus, the Treaty of Berlin both forms the basis of the Principality Constitution and determines its general framework to a certain extent. The regulation in the Berlin Treaty, which states that the Principality of Bulgaria was subordinate to the Ottoman State, was removed from the text of the Draft and was not included in the Constitution. The Constitution, which was adopted by the constituent assembly meeting in Tırnova on April 28, 1879, consists of 169 articles in 22 sections. The Constitution, which includes the legislative, executive and judicial branches, contains a list of fundamental rights and freedoms, although it is incomplete. The Constitution, which gives the Prince a superior position in the system, envisages a parliament with limited power to oversee the executive, although it has legislative power. The Constitution remained as the Constitution of the Principality until Bulgaria declared independence and the Kingdom in 1908. The Tarnova Constitution remained in force until 1947, preserving its existence in the Kingdom and Communism periods that came after the Principality
The Treaty of Berlin was signed in 1878 to provide a balance to the struggle for influence between the great powers within the scope of the Eastern Question. One of the results of this Treaty was the establishment of the autonomous Bulgarian Principality, which was subordinate to the Ottoman State. The Berlin Treaty envisaged the making of a constitution to determine the organization of the Principality. The Treaty also includes a regulation on the making of the Constitution, the time of its validity, the election of the Prince, and fundamental rights and freedoms. Thus, the Treaty of Berlin both forms the basis of the Principality Constitution and determines its general framework to a certain extent. The regulation in the Berlin Treaty, which states that the Principality of Bulgaria was subordinate to the Ottoman State, was removed from the text of the Draft and was not included in the Constitution. The Constitution, which was adopted by the constituent assembly meeting in Tırnova on April 28, 1879, consists of 169 articles in 22 sections. The Constitution, which includes the legislative, executive and judicial branches, contains a list of fundamental rights and freedoms, although it is incomplete. The Constitution, which gives the Prince a superior position in the system, envisages a parliament with limited power to oversee the executive, although it has legislative power. The Constitution remained as the Constitution of the Principality until Bulgaria declared independence and the Kingdom in 1908. The Tarnova Constitution remained in force until 1947, preserving its existence in the Kingdom and Communism periods that came after the Principality
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bulgaristan Emâreti, Bulgaristan Prensliği, Tırnova Anayasası, Osmanlı Anayasacılığı, 1879 Bulgaristan Anayasası, Emirate of Bulgaria, Principality of Bulgaria, Constitution of Tarnova, Ottoman Constitutionalism, The Bulgarian Constitution of 1879
Kaynak
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
21
Sayı
44
