Dış ticarette yeni ödeme şekli banka ödeme yükümlülüğü BPO-etkinlik analizi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2017
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Küreselleşme sayesinde sınır ötesi ticaretin hacmi giderek artmaktadır. Uluslararası ticarette kullanılan geleneksel ödeme şekilleri (akreditif, mal mukabili, peşin ödeme vb.) taraflara aynı anda hem ödeme garantisi hem de işlem süreçlerinin hızlı ve basit bir şekilde yapılması olanağını sunamamaktadır. Dijitalleşmenin çok hızlı bir şekilde yayıldığı günümüzde, sınır ötesi ticaretin teknolojik bir tabanda, hızlı, basit ve ödeme garantisi altında yapılma zorunluluğu doğmuştur. Milletler arası Ticaret Odası, dünya ticaret hacminin giderek artmasına rağmen akreditif işlem hacminde bir artış olmamasından, hatta giderek pazar payını kaybediyor olmasından rahatsızlık duymaya başlamıştır. Diğer yandan, sınır ticaretinin ağırlıklı olarak açık hesap işlemleri üzerinden gerçekleşiyor olması ve bankaların bu pastadan yeterince pay alamıyor olması, bankaları, Milletler Arası Ticaret Odasını ve SWIFT Şirketini bir araya getirerek yeni bir ürün tasarlamalarına neden olmuştur. BPO (The Bank Payment Obligation), 2013 yılında Milletlerarası Ticaret Odasının, BPO için yayınladığı bir örnek kurallardan sonra (URBPO 750E) uygulama alanı bulan, akreditif işlemlerinin ödeme garantisi ile mal mukabili işlemlerin hız ve basit işlem süreçlerini, fiziki evrak ibrazı olmadan, veri setlerinin bilgisayar ortamında eşleştirme yazılımları aracılığı kontrol edildiği yeni ödeme şeklidir. BPO, sınır ötesi ticaretin %80+ kısmına hitap etmesine rağmen hâlihazırda kullanılmamaktadır. BPO'nun neden kullanılmadığının sorusuna cevap bulabilmek amacı ile hem bankalar hem de firmalar ile derinlemesine mülakat tekniği ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Mülakatlar sonucunda, bankaların BPO hakkında detay bilgi sahibi olmasına rağmen, kullanım oranının artmamasından dolayı çoğunun alt yapı çalışmalarını tamamlamadığı ve şirketlere BPO ile ilgili bilgilendirme yapılmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan bankaların bu ürünü piyasaya sürmekte geç kalma korkusu yaşadıkları da görülmüştür. Anahtar Kelimeler: BPO, Banka Ödeme Yükümlüğü, Akreditif, Blockchain, TMA
The size of cross-border trade increases thanks to globalization. The conventional methods of payment used in international trade (letter of credit, cash against delivery, cash in advance etc.) fail to provide both payment guarantee and fast and simple transaction process opportunities at the same time. Today, digitalization expands in a rapid way and a necessity has occured which obliges cross-border trade to be made fast, simple and under the payment guarantee. International Trade Chamber of Commerce started to be uncomfortable with the fact that there is no increase in the size of transactions made with letters of credit even though the size of world trade increases, and that market share is even decreasing, gradually. On the other hand; banks, International Trade Chamber and SWIFT Comany felt an obligation to collaborate and design a new product since cross-border trade was generally being carried out through open account transactions and banks were unable to take enough share from this cake. BPO (The Bank Payment Obligation) is a new payment method which started to be used as an application area following the exemplary rules (URBPO 750E) published by International Trade Chamber for BPO, and with which the payment guarantee of letters of credit and the speed and simple transaction processes of cash against delivery can be controlled with data sets and through matching softwares on computers, without requiring physical document submission. Currently, BPO is not in use though it addresses 80+% of cross-border trade. There have been in-depth interviews both with banks and companies in order to be able to find an answer why BPO is still not used. In consequence of these interviews, it was found out that most banks had detailed information on BPO but they did not complete infrastructure works and did not inform companies about BPO because usage levels did not increase. On the other hand, it was also observed that banks were afraid to launch this product to the market late. Key Words: BPO, Bank Payment Obligation, Letters of Credit, Blockchain, TMA
The size of cross-border trade increases thanks to globalization. The conventional methods of payment used in international trade (letter of credit, cash against delivery, cash in advance etc.) fail to provide both payment guarantee and fast and simple transaction process opportunities at the same time. Today, digitalization expands in a rapid way and a necessity has occured which obliges cross-border trade to be made fast, simple and under the payment guarantee. International Trade Chamber of Commerce started to be uncomfortable with the fact that there is no increase in the size of transactions made with letters of credit even though the size of world trade increases, and that market share is even decreasing, gradually. On the other hand; banks, International Trade Chamber and SWIFT Comany felt an obligation to collaborate and design a new product since cross-border trade was generally being carried out through open account transactions and banks were unable to take enough share from this cake. BPO (The Bank Payment Obligation) is a new payment method which started to be used as an application area following the exemplary rules (URBPO 750E) published by International Trade Chamber for BPO, and with which the payment guarantee of letters of credit and the speed and simple transaction processes of cash against delivery can be controlled with data sets and through matching softwares on computers, without requiring physical document submission. Currently, BPO is not in use though it addresses 80+% of cross-border trade. There have been in-depth interviews both with banks and companies in order to be able to find an answer why BPO is still not used. In consequence of these interviews, it was found out that most banks had detailed information on BPO but they did not complete infrastructure works and did not inform companies about BPO because usage levels did not increase. On the other hand, it was also observed that banks were afraid to launch this product to the market late. Key Words: BPO, Bank Payment Obligation, Letters of Credit, Blockchain, TMA
Açıklama
Dış Ticaret Enstitüsü, Uluslararası Ticaret Hukuku ve Avrupa Birliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hukuk, Law, İşletme
