Türkiye'de aşı karşıtlığının sosyolojik boyutlarının incelenmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Salgın hastalıklar tarih boyunca tüm toplumlar için yaygın ve yıkıcı etkilere neden olmuşlardır. 2019 yılı sonunda Çin'de ortaya çıkan Covid-19 pandemisi de kısa sürede tüm dünyaya yayılarak yüz milyonlarca kişinin hasta olmasına ve milyonlarca kişinin de hayatını kaybetmesine neden olmuştur. Ayrıca, pandemiyle mücadele etmek için uygulanan kapanma tedbirleri nedeniyle eğitim, ekonomi, ulaşım vb. pek çok alanda büyük kayıplar oluşmuştur. Hastalığın ve tedbirlerin yol açtığı korku ve endişe nedeniyle de pek çok olumsuz sosyal ve psikolojik etkiler de görülmüştür. Covid-19 pandemisiyle mücadele edebilmek için farklı türde aşılar üretilmiş ve uygulanmıştır. Ancak toplumun önemli bir kesiminde bu aşıların kabullenilmediği ve aşılanma oranlarının istenen düzeylere gelmediği gözlemlenmiştir. Aşılanmama pandeminin sürmesine neden olduğu gibi pandemi nedeniyle oluşan kayıpların devam etmesine de neden olmaktadır. Bu denli ciddi bir sorun olmasına rağmen aşı karşıtlığı ve bu tutumun nedenleri yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Özellikle bu konu hakkında yapılan nitel araştırmaların sayısının sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Alanyazındaki bu boşluğu doldurmak adına bir katkı sunmak için bu araştırmada Covid-19 aşılarına karşı olma olgusunu incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda bireylerin Covid-19 virüsü, Covid-19 aşıları, aşıların yakın ve uzak yan etkileri, aşılara duygulan güven, aşılara karşı olma tutumu ve bunun nedenleri hakkındaki görüşlerinin açığa çıkartılması hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri yaklaşık yarısı erkek ve yarısı kadın olan, çoğunluğu 20-30 yaş aralığında olan, yarısından fazlası lisans ve daha üzeri bir eğitim düzeyine sahip olan ve bunlardan bazı bireyler Açık öğretimden eğitimlerini tamamladıkları, yarısından fazlası bekâr olan ve yarısından fazlası bir işte çalışan 30 kişiden yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma da okuma yazma bilmeyenlerle görüşme yapılmaya çalışıldı fakat görüşme teklifleri reddedildi. Bundan dolayı görüşmeler eğitim seviyesi belli bir düzeyin üzerinde olan bireylerle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları Covid-19 pandemisinin genel değerlendirmesinin; pandeminin insanların psikolojini olumsuz etkilediği, pandeminin yanlış yönetildiği, pandeminin bir kurgu/oyun olduğu ve pandeminin iletişimi ve sosyalleşmeyi azalttığı şeklinde yapıldığını göstermiştir. Katılımcıların yaklaşık yarısının Covid-19 aşıları hakkında araştırma yaptığı veya yeterli bilgiye sahip olduklarına inandıkları bulunmuştur. Diğer yarısının ya hiç bilgisi olmadığı veya net bilgileri olmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Buna rağmen bu bireylerin yine de aşıyla ilgili fikir sahibi oldukları bulunmuştur. Görüşmeciler Covid-19 aşıları hakkında en sık başvurdukları bilgi kaynaklarının uzmanlar, sosyal medya, yakın çevre ve haberler olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Covid-19 aşısı olmamanın öncelikli nedenlerinin aşıların Covid-19 hastalığına karşı yeterince koruyucu olmamasına inanma, aşıların çok kısa sürede yeterince test edilmeden üretilmiş olmasına inanma, aşıların güvenilir olmadığına inanma, aşıların sonradan ortaya çıkacak uzun vadeli yan etkileri olacağına inanma ve aşılar hakkında yeterli ve açık bilgilerin olmadığına inanma olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Aşı olmama nedenlerinin siyasi, ekonomik, bilimsel bakış açılarıyla oluşturulduğu bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların yarısının Covid-19 aşısının insan genetiğini değiştirebileceğini düşündükleri anlaşılmıştır. Covid-19 aşıları yapılmasına rağmen yeni varyasyonların ortaya çıkmasının ve hastalığın artmasının nedenleri çok büyük oranda aşıların etkisiz ve faydasız olmasıyla ve aşı olmanın verdiği rahatlıkla insanların dikkatsiz ve tedbirsiz davranmalarıyla ilişkilendirildiği anlaşılmıştır. Görüşmecilere aşı karşıtlığıyla ilgili birçok teori sunuldu. Aşı olmama konusunda görüşmecilere en inandırıcı gelen teorilerin başında; aşılar kullanılarak dünya nüfusunun kontrol ediliyor olması teorisi, aşıların uzun vadede kısırlık gibi istenmeyen sonuçlara yol açabileceği teorisi ve aşıların uzun vadede başka hastalıklara neden olacağı teorisi olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Covid-19, Pandemi, Aşı, Aşı Karşıtlığı, Salgın.
Epidemics have caused widespread and devastating effects for all societies throughout history. The Covid-19 pandemic, which emerged in China at the end of 2019, spread all over the world in a short time, causing hundreds of millions of people to get sick and millions of people to die. In addition, due to the closure measures implemented to combat the pandemic, education, economy, transportation, etc. great losses have occurred in many areas. Many negative social and psychological effects have also been observed due to the fear and anxiety caused by the disease and the measures. Different types of vaccines have been produced and applied to combat the Covid-19 pandemic. However, it has been observed that these vaccines have not been accepted in a significant part of the society and the vaccination rates have not reached the desired levels. Not only does the lack of vaccination cause the pandemic to continue, it also causes the losses caused by the pandemic to continue. Despite being such a serious problem, the opposition to vaccination and the reasons for this attitude have not been sufficiently investigated. It is seen that the number of qualitative studies on this subject is limited. In order to make a contribution to fill this gap in the literature, it is aimed to examine the phenomenon of being against Covid-19 vaccines in this study. In this context, it is aimed to reveal the opinions of individuals about the Covid-19 virus, Covid-19 vaccines, near and far side effects of vaccines, their feelings of trust in vaccines, their attitude towards vaccines and the reasons for this. The data of the study were collected via face-to-face interviews with 30 people, half of whom were men and half women, 80% were between the ages of 20-30, more than half of them have a bachelor's degree or higher, and some of them have completed their education from open education, more than half were single and more than half were employed. collected using the technique. The data of the research were analyzed by content analysis method. The findings of the study indicate that the general assessment of the Covid-19 pandemic; It has been shown that the pandemic affects people's psychology negatively, the pandemic is mismanaged, the pandemic is a fiction/game, and the pandemic reduces communication and socialization. It was found that about half of the participants had done research or believed that they had sufficient knowledge about Covid-19 vaccines. It was understood that the other half either had no knowledge or had no clear information. Despite this, it was found that these individuals still had an idea about the vaccine. It has been understood that the most frequently referenced sources of information about Covid-19 vaccines are experts, social media, close circles and news. It is understood that the primary reasons for not getting a Covid-19 vaccine are believing that vaccines are not sufficiently protective against Covid-19 disease, believing that vaccines have been produced in a very short time without adequate testing, believing that vaccines are not reliable, believing that vaccines will have long-term side effects that will appear later, and believing that they are not sufficiently and open about information about vaccines. It has been found that the reasons for not being vaccinated are based on political, economic and scientific perspectives, but not based on religious views. It was understood that half of the participants thought that the Covid-19 vaccine could change human genetics. It has been understood that the reasons for the emergence of new variations and the increase of the disease, despite the fact that Covid-19 vaccines are made, are largely associated with the ineffectiveness and uselessness of vaccines and the carelessness of people with the convenience of being vaccinated. It has been understood that the three most convincing theories about not being vaccinated are; the theory of controlling the world population by using vaccines, the theory that vaccines can lead to undesirable results such as infertility in the long run, and the theory that vaccines will cause other diseases in the long run. Keywords: Covid-19, Pandemic, Vaccine, Anti-vaccine, Epidemic.
Epidemics have caused widespread and devastating effects for all societies throughout history. The Covid-19 pandemic, which emerged in China at the end of 2019, spread all over the world in a short time, causing hundreds of millions of people to get sick and millions of people to die. In addition, due to the closure measures implemented to combat the pandemic, education, economy, transportation, etc. great losses have occurred in many areas. Many negative social and psychological effects have also been observed due to the fear and anxiety caused by the disease and the measures. Different types of vaccines have been produced and applied to combat the Covid-19 pandemic. However, it has been observed that these vaccines have not been accepted in a significant part of the society and the vaccination rates have not reached the desired levels. Not only does the lack of vaccination cause the pandemic to continue, it also causes the losses caused by the pandemic to continue. Despite being such a serious problem, the opposition to vaccination and the reasons for this attitude have not been sufficiently investigated. It is seen that the number of qualitative studies on this subject is limited. In order to make a contribution to fill this gap in the literature, it is aimed to examine the phenomenon of being against Covid-19 vaccines in this study. In this context, it is aimed to reveal the opinions of individuals about the Covid-19 virus, Covid-19 vaccines, near and far side effects of vaccines, their feelings of trust in vaccines, their attitude towards vaccines and the reasons for this. The data of the study were collected via face-to-face interviews with 30 people, half of whom were men and half women, 80% were between the ages of 20-30, more than half of them have a bachelor's degree or higher, and some of them have completed their education from open education, more than half were single and more than half were employed. collected using the technique. The data of the research were analyzed by content analysis method. The findings of the study indicate that the general assessment of the Covid-19 pandemic; It has been shown that the pandemic affects people's psychology negatively, the pandemic is mismanaged, the pandemic is a fiction/game, and the pandemic reduces communication and socialization. It was found that about half of the participants had done research or believed that they had sufficient knowledge about Covid-19 vaccines. It was understood that the other half either had no knowledge or had no clear information. Despite this, it was found that these individuals still had an idea about the vaccine. It has been understood that the most frequently referenced sources of information about Covid-19 vaccines are experts, social media, close circles and news. It is understood that the primary reasons for not getting a Covid-19 vaccine are believing that vaccines are not sufficiently protective against Covid-19 disease, believing that vaccines have been produced in a very short time without adequate testing, believing that vaccines are not reliable, believing that vaccines will have long-term side effects that will appear later, and believing that they are not sufficiently and open about information about vaccines. It has been found that the reasons for not being vaccinated are based on political, economic and scientific perspectives, but not based on religious views. It was understood that half of the participants thought that the Covid-19 vaccine could change human genetics. It has been understood that the reasons for the emergence of new variations and the increase of the disease, despite the fact that Covid-19 vaccines are made, are largely associated with the ineffectiveness and uselessness of vaccines and the carelessness of people with the convenience of being vaccinated. It has been understood that the three most convincing theories about not being vaccinated are; the theory of controlling the world population by using vaccines, the theory that vaccines can lead to undesirable results such as infertility in the long run, and the theory that vaccines will cause other diseases in the long run. Keywords: Covid-19, Pandemic, Vaccine, Anti-vaccine, Epidemic.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Uygulamalı Sosyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, Uygulamalı Sosyoloji Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sosyoloji, Sociology
