Türkiye’deki ihtisas gümrük uygulamasına tabi orman ürünleri eşyası üzerine araştırma
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada; Türkiye’de uygulanmakta olan ihtisas gümrük uygulaması hakkında bilgi verilecek, Türkiye’nin bu uygulamaya neden ihtiyaç hissettiğine değinilecek, ihtisas gümrükleri ve ihtisasa konu eşyalar belirtilecektir. Bu uygulama hakkında literatürdeki farklı değerlendirmelere ve tavsiye niteliğinde görüşlere de yer verilmiştir. Özellikle orman ürünleri ihtisas gümrüklerinin neler olduğu, GTİP bazında ihtisasa konu eşyaların Türkiye’ye ithalat değerleri, orman ürünleri ihtisasa yetkili gümrük idarelerinin son on yıllık ithalat değeri incelenmiştir. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı’nın 28786 sayılı Resmi Gazete’de yayımlanan Tebliği’nin Ek-2’sinde 48 adet gümrük idaresi sayılmıştır. Bu gümrük idarelerinden verisine erişilebilen 46’sının son on yıllık ithalat verileri dolar bazında Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)’ten çekilmiş ve düzenlenmiştir. Tebliğin Ek-2’sinde belirtilen ihtisasa konu eşyaların GTİP kodları Uluslararası Ticaret Merkezi (Trademap) sistemi üzerinden sorgulanarak Türkiye’nin ithalat değeri elde edilmiş ve tablo haline getirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler (yıl bazında) karşılaştırıldığında; orman ürünlerine ihtisas yetkisi verildiği gümrüklerin toplam ithalat miktarı, Türkiye’nin toplam ithalatının %50 civarında paya sahip olduğu görülmüştür. İhtisasa tabi orman ürünlerinin bu gümrüklerdeki toplam sahip olduğu pay (tüm zamanlarda) %1 değerine bile ulaşamadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuca dayanarak orman ürünleri ihtisas gümrük uygulamasının dış ticarette tarife dışı engel sayılamayacağı yorumu yapılabilir. Orman ürünlerinde ihtisas gümrük uygulaması hakkında literatürde yeteri kadar çalışma olmadığı ve bu çalışmanın literatüre bir önemli katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
In this study; Information will be given about the specialized customs offices application in Turkey. It will be mentioned why Turkey needs this application, specialized customs offices and items subject to expertise will be specified. Different evaluations and advisory opinions in the literature about this application are also included. In particular, it is stated what are the specialized customs offices of forest products and the import values of the goods subject to expertise to Turkey on the basis of Harmonized System Code (HSC) were investigated. The import value of specialized customs offices authorized to import forest products for the last ten years was examined. The import data of the last ten years of the 48 customs administrations listed in Annex-2 of the relevant communiqué were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) on a dollar basis and rearranged in a table. The HSC codes of the goods subject to the expertise specified in Annex-2 of the Communiqué were queried through the International Trade Center (ITC-Trademap) system, and the import value of Turkey was obtained and tabulated. When the data obtained (on a yearly basis) are compared; It has been observed that the total import amount of the customs, which is authorized to specialize in forest products, has a share of around 50% of Turkey's total imports. When the data obtained are compared, it is concluded that the share of forest products in specialized customs offices does not even reach 1%, which can be interpreted that the application of forest products specialized customs offices cannot be considered as a non-tariff barrier in foreign trade. It is thought that there are not enough studies in the literature about the application of specialized customs offices in forest products and this study will make an important contribution to the literature.
In this study; Information will be given about the specialized customs offices application in Turkey. It will be mentioned why Turkey needs this application, specialized customs offices and items subject to expertise will be specified. Different evaluations and advisory opinions in the literature about this application are also included. In particular, it is stated what are the specialized customs offices of forest products and the import values of the goods subject to expertise to Turkey on the basis of Harmonized System Code (HSC) were investigated. The import value of specialized customs offices authorized to import forest products for the last ten years was examined. The import data of the last ten years of the 48 customs administrations listed in Annex-2 of the relevant communiqué were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) on a dollar basis and rearranged in a table. The HSC codes of the goods subject to the expertise specified in Annex-2 of the Communiqué were queried through the International Trade Center (ITC-Trademap) system, and the import value of Turkey was obtained and tabulated. When the data obtained (on a yearly basis) are compared; It has been observed that the total import amount of the customs, which is authorized to specialize in forest products, has a share of around 50% of Turkey's total imports. When the data obtained are compared, it is concluded that the share of forest products in specialized customs offices does not even reach 1%, which can be interpreted that the application of forest products specialized customs offices cannot be considered as a non-tariff barrier in foreign trade. It is thought that there are not enough studies in the literature about the application of specialized customs offices in forest products and this study will make an important contribution to the literature.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
İhtisas Gümrükleri, Orman Ürünleri, İthalat, GTİP, Dış Ticaret, Specialized Customs, Forest Products, Import, HSCode, Foreign Trade
Kaynak
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Dış Ticaret Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
2
Sayı
1
