Gerçeğin yeniden üretiminde yeni toplumsal hareketler: hologramas por la libertad eylemi örneği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Yirmi birinci yüzyıl modern sonrası dönem olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Modern sonrası dönemde modernitenin anomik olarak gördüğü ve toplumsal alandan dışladığı birçok değerin ve kavramın biçim değiştirerek yeniden görünür hale geldiği gözlenmektedir. Egemenlere başkaldırı, her ne kadar insanlık tarihinde çok eski dönemlerden beri görülen bir olgu olsa da, toplumsal hareket kavramı modern dönemde beşeri terminolojiye girmiştir. Dönüşen dünya ile beraber, ideolojiler ve düşünceler de dönüşüme uğramış ve toplumsal hareketler de amaç ve eylem biçimleri olarak başkalaşarak yeni toplumsal hareketlere evrilmiştir. Günümüzde ise iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler ile dönüşen iletişim ve ifade ortamları, gerçekliğin algılanmasını ve direniş şekillerini değiştirmektedir. Yeni medya vasıtasıyla paylaşılabilecek bilgi ve görüşlerin sınırsız olduğu görülmektedir. Bu makalede dünyanın ilk hologram eylemi olduğu görülen "Hologramas por la Libertad" (Madrid) eylemi ele alınmıştır. Söz konusu eylem İspanya’da İfade Özgürlüğünü kısıtlayıcı bir yasayı protesto etmek amacıyla düzenlenmiştir. Jean Baudrillard'ın simülasyon kuramı üzerinden gerçeğin yeniden üretiminde yeni toplumsal hareketler incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak Hologramas por la Libertad eyleminin bir açıdan bakıldığında özgürleştirici bir eyleme, diğer açıdan bakıldığında ise bireyin kendi iradesi ile özgürlüğünü kısıtladığı bir eyleme dönüştüğü görülmüştür.
The Twenty-First Century is described as the Post-Modern Era. It has been observed that in the Post-Modern Era many values and concepts that modernity considered as anomic and excluded from the social field have changed form and become visible again. Although the uprising to the hegemons is a phenemonon that has been seen in the human history since Ancient Times, the concept of social movement has entered humanities' terminology in the Modern Era. As the world transforms over time, ideologies and thoughts have also been transformed, altering the goals and forms of action, causing social movement evolve into new social movements. Nowadays, communication and expression mediums that transformed with the developments in communication techonologies, changes the perception of reality and the ways of resistance. It has been seen that the information and ideas which can be shared through the new media are limitless. In this study, world's first hologram protest "Hologramas por la Libertad" (Madrid), is discussed. The protest was organized in Spain to protest a law restricting freedom of expression (Gag Law). New social movement in the reproduction of reality are examined through Jean Baudrillard's Simulation Theory. It is commonly accepted that the social movements have evolved, especially after the web 2.0 techonology and with that gained a lot advantages in the topics such as time and space and streamlined communication. Digital Activism uses these aforementioned technologies. Nowadays, the emergence of the social movements, their communications and their way of organization are too changed by the aforementioned technologies and social media. Hologramas por la Libertad as a protest is significant because protestors who participated in the protest were not just the Spanish citizens but the protest was participated globally. A protest that the protesters do not exist as bodily but as virutally and aurally is a trully unique way of protesting. It can be argued that the protest is similar to Baudrillard's theory of simularcs are replacing the "reality". With the development of internet and multimedia technologies, simulation has become more visible. In this context, 'new' new social movements have also been transformed. The aim of this study is to try to determine where the Hologramas por la Libertad Protest can be placed in the field of social movements -as it is a unique example in the field- that are underging a transformation in the context of Baudrillard's Simulation Theory with a descriptive and thematic approach. Digital activism that is emerging with develpoing thecnologies and social movements that are using these technologies are described as 'new' new social movements in this study. 'New' new social movements as in the basis of chosen example, suggests that the individuals and the protests can be turned into a simulacr and even protesting can be simulated, is the main argument of this study. In the light of this argument, the research questions of the study are determined as follows: Is protesting itself can be a simulation? When Resource Mobilization considered can hologram protest be seen as a sustainable and popularizable form of protest? How can a protest performed without the physical existence of individuals in a techno-determinist age be evaluated within social movements? Can the concepts of freedom, protest and achievement of the desired goal be simulated? Within the scope of the study the Hologramas por la Libertad protest was examined in the context of sociological approach through Charles Tilly's Theory of Social Movements and through the concept of "Network Society" of Manuel Castells and The Simulation Theory of Jean Baudrillard a connection between new communication technologies and social movements has been tried to be established and with the interpretive analysis method, answers to the research questions were sought. Consequently, the hologram protest, before the event itself is simulated through images and symbols; with the use of technology, they were turned into a holoraphic copy (so-called 'ghosts'), and it was edited in a digital environment. Thus, a simulated action that was reflected to the public through simulated images were created. So it can be argued that even protesting can be simulated. From one point this movement can be considered as a liberating act against the prohibition but from another point of view it can be considered as the loss of reality, a simulacr of reality itself. The protest cannot be described only as a digital activism example because the preparation, organization and the execution of the protest is a unique example as the technology played a crucial part in the execution and the perception of the protest. It has been seen that the protest had been executed by the help of advertisement agency professionals, media professionals, NPO participants and the use of technology combined and resources are optimally mobilized. One handicap about hologram protest and other examples of digital activism is the participants' perceptions of the actions because it gives them the fulfillment and the feeling of actually stepping into the field and participate. In an age of freedom, protest and achieving the desired goals can be simulated, it is almost impossible to distinguish truth from simulacr/simulation itself. In conclusion, The Hologramas por la Libertad Protest can be considered as a liberating act from one point of view, and from another perspective, it can be considered as an action that restricts the freedom of individuals by their own will.
The Twenty-First Century is described as the Post-Modern Era. It has been observed that in the Post-Modern Era many values and concepts that modernity considered as anomic and excluded from the social field have changed form and become visible again. Although the uprising to the hegemons is a phenemonon that has been seen in the human history since Ancient Times, the concept of social movement has entered humanities' terminology in the Modern Era. As the world transforms over time, ideologies and thoughts have also been transformed, altering the goals and forms of action, causing social movement evolve into new social movements. Nowadays, communication and expression mediums that transformed with the developments in communication techonologies, changes the perception of reality and the ways of resistance. It has been seen that the information and ideas which can be shared through the new media are limitless. In this study, world's first hologram protest "Hologramas por la Libertad" (Madrid), is discussed. The protest was organized in Spain to protest a law restricting freedom of expression (Gag Law). New social movement in the reproduction of reality are examined through Jean Baudrillard's Simulation Theory. It is commonly accepted that the social movements have evolved, especially after the web 2.0 techonology and with that gained a lot advantages in the topics such as time and space and streamlined communication. Digital Activism uses these aforementioned technologies. Nowadays, the emergence of the social movements, their communications and their way of organization are too changed by the aforementioned technologies and social media. Hologramas por la Libertad as a protest is significant because protestors who participated in the protest were not just the Spanish citizens but the protest was participated globally. A protest that the protesters do not exist as bodily but as virutally and aurally is a trully unique way of protesting. It can be argued that the protest is similar to Baudrillard's theory of simularcs are replacing the "reality". With the development of internet and multimedia technologies, simulation has become more visible. In this context, 'new' new social movements have also been transformed. The aim of this study is to try to determine where the Hologramas por la Libertad Protest can be placed in the field of social movements -as it is a unique example in the field- that are underging a transformation in the context of Baudrillard's Simulation Theory with a descriptive and thematic approach. Digital activism that is emerging with develpoing thecnologies and social movements that are using these technologies are described as 'new' new social movements in this study. 'New' new social movements as in the basis of chosen example, suggests that the individuals and the protests can be turned into a simulacr and even protesting can be simulated, is the main argument of this study. In the light of this argument, the research questions of the study are determined as follows: Is protesting itself can be a simulation? When Resource Mobilization considered can hologram protest be seen as a sustainable and popularizable form of protest? How can a protest performed without the physical existence of individuals in a techno-determinist age be evaluated within social movements? Can the concepts of freedom, protest and achievement of the desired goal be simulated? Within the scope of the study the Hologramas por la Libertad protest was examined in the context of sociological approach through Charles Tilly's Theory of Social Movements and through the concept of "Network Society" of Manuel Castells and The Simulation Theory of Jean Baudrillard a connection between new communication technologies and social movements has been tried to be established and with the interpretive analysis method, answers to the research questions were sought. Consequently, the hologram protest, before the event itself is simulated through images and symbols; with the use of technology, they were turned into a holoraphic copy (so-called 'ghosts'), and it was edited in a digital environment. Thus, a simulated action that was reflected to the public through simulated images were created. So it can be argued that even protesting can be simulated. From one point this movement can be considered as a liberating act against the prohibition but from another point of view it can be considered as the loss of reality, a simulacr of reality itself. The protest cannot be described only as a digital activism example because the preparation, organization and the execution of the protest is a unique example as the technology played a crucial part in the execution and the perception of the protest. It has been seen that the protest had been executed by the help of advertisement agency professionals, media professionals, NPO participants and the use of technology combined and resources are optimally mobilized. One handicap about hologram protest and other examples of digital activism is the participants' perceptions of the actions because it gives them the fulfillment and the feeling of actually stepping into the field and participate. In an age of freedom, protest and achieving the desired goals can be simulated, it is almost impossible to distinguish truth from simulacr/simulation itself. In conclusion, The Hologramas por la Libertad Protest can be considered as a liberating act from one point of view, and from another perspective, it can be considered as an action that restricts the freedom of individuals by their own will.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Baudrillard, Simülasyon, Hipergerçeklik, Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler, Hologram, Baudrillard, Simulation, Hyperreality, New Social Movements
Kaynak
Intermedia Uluslararası Hakemli İletişim Bilimleri E-Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
7
Sayı
12
