Uluslararası halkla ilişkiler bağlamında kamu diplomasisi: Covid-19 salgınında Türkiye'nin insani yardımları
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Kurumlar ve bireyler gibi devletler de hedef kitlelerine yönelik halkla ilişkiler stratejileri geliştirmişlerdir. Devletlerin diğer devletlerle olan ilişkileri diplomasi olarak adlandırılırken, devletlerin diğer devletlerin halklarını hedef alarak yürüttükleri uluslararası halkla ilişkiler faaliyetleri kamu diplomasisi olarak adlandırılmıştır. Kamu diplomasisi ile hedeflenen diğer ülke halkları üzerinde etki yaratmaktır. Bu bağlamda uluslararası halkla ilişkiler ve kamu diplomasisi aynı amaca hizmet etmektedir. Her iki disiplin de hedef kamuoyları üzerinde yaratacakları etkiyi elde edebilmek adına halkla ilişkiler araçlarından faydalanmaktadır. Kamu diplomasisi Soğuk Savaş dönemi boyunca aktif olarak kullanılmaya başlansa da asıl bilinirliği 11 Eylül terör saldırılarından sonra Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin yumuşak güç kullanımına tekrardan yoğunlaşması ile artmıştır. Türkiye ise yirmi birinci yüzyıla kadar gereken önemi vermediği kamu diplomasisine iki binli yılların başından itibaren önem vermeye başlamıştır. Çalışmamızda uluslararası halkla ilişkiler, kamu diplomasisi kavramları ve bu iki kavramın birbirleri ilen olan ilişkileri, her iki kavramın öne çıkan uygulama alanları, aktörleri ve faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesi için kullandıkları araçlar incelenmiştir. Çalışmamızın araştırma kısmında ise Türkiye'nin kamu diplomasisinin temel taşlarından biri olan insani yardımlar ve Türkiye'nin Covid-19 döneminde yaptığı sağlık malzemeleri yardımlarının Türk kamu diplomasisine katkıları değerlendirilmiştir. Türkiye'nin AB ülkeleri ve ABD'ye salgın döneminde yaptığı sağlık ekipman yardımlarının yansımaları yine bu ülkelerin İngilizce haber yapan internet haber sitelerinde 1 Nisan ve 15 Mayıs tarihleri arasında yayınlanan haberler üzerinden Teun Adrianus Van Dijk'ın Eleştirel Söylem Çözümlemesi yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan araştırma neticesinde, Türkiye'nin kamu diplomasisi çabası yaptığı önemli yardımlara rağmen AB ve ABD basında yeteri kadar yer bulamamıştır. Türkiye'ye karşı bir önyargı olduğu ve gerçekleştirdiği insani yardımlara karşı kuşku ile yaklaşıldığı gözlemlenmiştir.
Like institutions and individuals, governments have developed public relations strategies for their target audiences. While the relations of states with other states are called diplomacy, the international public relations activities carried out by states by targeting the people of other states are called public diplomacy. The aim of public diplomacy is to exert influence on the people of other countries. In this context, international public relations and public diplomacy serve the same purpose. Both disciplines use public relations tools to achieve the impact they will have on their target public opinion. Although public diplomacy began to be actively used throughout the Cold War period, its real awareness increased with the re-intensicitaion of the United States use of soft power after the September 11 terrorist attacks. Since the beginning of the millennia, Turkey, on the other hand, has begun to value public diplomacy, which it did not pay attention until the twenty-first century. In our study, the concepts of international public relations and public diplomacy and the relations of these two concepts to each other were examined, as were the prominent application areas of both concepts, their actors, and the tools they use for the conduct of their activities. In the research part of our study, humanitarian aid, which is one of the cornerstones of Turkey's public diplomacy, and the contributions of Turkey's medical aids during the COVID-19 period to Turkish public diplomacy were evaluated. The reflections of Turkey's health equipment aid to EU countries and the United States during the pandemic period were analyzed by using Teun Adrianus Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis method through the news published on the internet news sites reporting in English of these countries between April 1 and May 15. As a result of the research, despite the significant aid provided by Turkey in its public diplomacy efforts could not find enough coverage in the EU and the United States press. It has been observed that there is always a prejudice against Turkey and that it is treated with suspicion against the humanitarian aid it carries out.
Like institutions and individuals, governments have developed public relations strategies for their target audiences. While the relations of states with other states are called diplomacy, the international public relations activities carried out by states by targeting the people of other states are called public diplomacy. The aim of public diplomacy is to exert influence on the people of other countries. In this context, international public relations and public diplomacy serve the same purpose. Both disciplines use public relations tools to achieve the impact they will have on their target public opinion. Although public diplomacy began to be actively used throughout the Cold War period, its real awareness increased with the re-intensicitaion of the United States use of soft power after the September 11 terrorist attacks. Since the beginning of the millennia, Turkey, on the other hand, has begun to value public diplomacy, which it did not pay attention until the twenty-first century. In our study, the concepts of international public relations and public diplomacy and the relations of these two concepts to each other were examined, as were the prominent application areas of both concepts, their actors, and the tools they use for the conduct of their activities. In the research part of our study, humanitarian aid, which is one of the cornerstones of Turkey's public diplomacy, and the contributions of Turkey's medical aids during the COVID-19 period to Turkish public diplomacy were evaluated. The reflections of Turkey's health equipment aid to EU countries and the United States during the pandemic period were analyzed by using Teun Adrianus Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis method through the news published on the internet news sites reporting in English of these countries between April 1 and May 15. As a result of the research, despite the significant aid provided by Turkey in its public diplomacy efforts could not find enough coverage in the EU and the United States press. It has been observed that there is always a prejudice against Turkey and that it is treated with suspicion against the humanitarian aid it carries out.
Açıklama
İletişim Bilimi ve İnternet Enstitüsü, Halkla İlişkiler ve Reklamcılık Ana Bilim Dalı, Kurumsal İletişim Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Halkla İlişkiler, Public Relations, Siyasal Bilimler
