Sinemada şiddet olgusu bağlamında joker filminin çözümlemeci ruhbilimsel açıdan değerlendirilmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Sinema, gündelik hayatımızda önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Özellikle kapitalist sistemin işleyişine göre şekil alan sinema endüstrisi, büyük sermaye kollarının denetimi altındadır. Sinema, çoğunlukla kar amacı güden bir sanat dalı olmanın yanı sıra, kitleler üzerinde ideolojik olarak yönlendirici bir işleve de sahiptir. Toplum içerisinde genel/tüzel kişiler tarafından oluşturulmuş ve oluşturulmaya devam eden ideolojiler ve bu ideolojilerin bir parçası olarak gelişen toplumsal kültür ve siyasal sistem içinde dışlanan ya da bir başka deyişle, ötekileştirilenler, kabul görmemenin verdiği mutsuzluk, aşağılanmışlık, ezilmişlik hissi ve bunun yarattığı bunalımla yaşamına devam etmeye çalışmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında ele alacağımız Todd Phillips’in yönettiği Joker (2019) filminde anti kahramanın; toplumsal olaylar, bireyin toplumla ilişkileri neticesinde yalnızlaştırılması, günlük hayattan soyutlanması, aşağılanması ve genel olarak toplumda kabul görmemesi nedeniyle yalnızlaşarak suça nasıl itildiği anlatılmaktadır. Çalışmada yer alan şiddet kavramı hem gündelik yaşantımızda hem de sinemada önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle, çalışmada önce şiddet kavramına genel bir bakış sonrasında sinemada şiddetin kullanılmasının filmin mizansen öğeleri üzerinden açımlaması yapılmaktadır. Filmde yer alan bu öğelerin öyküleme, görüntüleme, aydınlatma, müzik, oyuncu, kurgu, sanat yönetimi ile Joker filmi bağlamında çözümlemeci ruhbilimsel açıdan değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Cinema plays an important role in our daily life. The cinema industry, which takes shape especially according to the operation of the capitalist system, is under the control of large capital branches. In addition to being mostly a profit-oriented art branch, cinema also has an ideologically guiding function on the masses. The social culture that’s created by the general society, whose ideologies continue to be formed along with the result of those ideological reflections, while there are those who are excluded or humiliated within the system formed as a result. In other words this crisis that has been created is trying to survive and continue despite feelings of unhappiness, humiliation, discrimination and depression. trying to continue his life. In this case study, the movie ‘Joker’ (2019) directed by Todd Phillips, shows how bigotry, lack of acceptance and social isolation can push someone into committing crime. Hence, the concept of violence plays an important role both in our daily lives as well as in cinema. From this point of view, first of all, an overview of the concept of violence, and then the use of violence in the cinema is explained over the film's elements. The aim of this work is to evaluate these elements in terms of narration, imaging, lighting, music, actor, fiction, art management and analytical psychological aspects within the context of the Joker movie.Cinema is an interdisciplinary branch of art. Besides; The art of cinema, which is loaded with economic, political and cultural codes, primarily has a power to influence audience and also the consciousness of the society. The audience, who passively participates in the cinema viewing experience, enjoys consuming the mass culture offered to him/her. In bourgeois societies, people are considered as individuals, but people's perception of themselves as subjects is not an inherent feature, this role is imposed on them by the sovereign structure. These sovereign powers impose certain characteristics on individuals such as family, religious structures and educational institutions. In this direction, the aim is to create individuals who look like each other and to control these individuals. In the capitalist system, it is possible to talk about the social mechanisms of the system that will prevent the events that may cause any crisis. The minority that called bourgeois controls individuals, institutions, the media, has mass media and directs society in its own interests. Violence, which is a type of psychological behavior that the person we frequently encounter in the society we live in, is used to harm the other person, is a state of exasperation that is applied by the practitioner to the person or persons, institutions or organizations, even other living creatures such as plants, animals, etc. . Cinema, which is one of the areas where social relationship is reproduced, produces the narrative of violence as image and discourse. Violence normally occurs when the person's aggression mood turns into action in real life. The desire that manifests itself as a result of anger and sadness is actually an inner hill where the person can suppress himself with auto-control. We see that aggression turns into violence when the person's control is weakened. It is not possible to talk about the existence of violence as many concepts as long as human exists. Therefore, the phenomenon of violence is a part of cinema as well as life. From the first examples of cinema until today, violence has been processed in various ways, subjects and appearances or has been presented to the audience with codes. In the second part of the study; the use of violence in cinema will be discussed through various directors and films. When we look at the reality of cinema, we see that the directors frequently use the theme of violence. For example; A representation of violence is seen in American cinema such as Quentin Tarantino, David Lynch, Oliver Stone and Martin Scorsese. Violence becomes the narrative itself, especially in Hollywood. Violence is clearly presented and legitimized to the audience, so the audience often justifies the use of violence. The Joker movie examined in the study is actually an example of this. The character is a violent anti-hero, but the viewer justifies the Joker, and this rightful discovery is supported by the public's uprising and the proclamation of the Joker as a hero. The character turned into a hero and identified with the Joker audience. Arthur has unwillingly committed his first murder on the subway because of the evil done to him so far. This situation is justified while the audience is considering the innocence of this behavior. In the subway murder, the audience faces characters representing two different statuses. At this point, the audience took the revenge of the lower class along with the character. In this context, the character fights, suffers, and becomes happy on behalf of the audience. In the study, film reading is done based on the psychological approach of Carl Gustav Jung. Analytical psychology, which plays an important role in the formation and conditioning of movie characters, seeks the meaning of human behavior. Symbols are especially used in psychological analysis. The symbols help us to open the open doors of our unconscious feelings and beliefs; they are the keys to this. We witness the life of Arthur, a character who is overwhelmed by everyone around him, who doesn't care about what he thinks, is attacked even on the street from time to time and looks like a freak. His biggest dream in this process is to be a comedian. But no one believes his dream, including his mother, Penny Fleck. Arthur first realizes that nobody cares about him at the center where he first goes to get psychological help. Having learned that he can no longer receive treatment help, Arthur thinks that even the state doesn't care about those like him. To sum up, the film, which does not include visual effects, shows its difference as a character-oriented film rather than superhero stories. It is explored how these elements reflect the character's mental state and to what extent it attracts the viewer to the emotion of the movie. Consequently, when this study is presented as a violence that is legitimized with justified reasons, the concept of violence that has always been and will be a social phenomenon has been widely used in the art of cinema, which has the most important effect on the masses, and no matter how bad crimes they commit. It shows that the audience finds him right by identifying the character exactly.
Cinema plays an important role in our daily life. The cinema industry, which takes shape especially according to the operation of the capitalist system, is under the control of large capital branches. In addition to being mostly a profit-oriented art branch, cinema also has an ideologically guiding function on the masses. The social culture that’s created by the general society, whose ideologies continue to be formed along with the result of those ideological reflections, while there are those who are excluded or humiliated within the system formed as a result. In other words this crisis that has been created is trying to survive and continue despite feelings of unhappiness, humiliation, discrimination and depression. trying to continue his life. In this case study, the movie ‘Joker’ (2019) directed by Todd Phillips, shows how bigotry, lack of acceptance and social isolation can push someone into committing crime. Hence, the concept of violence plays an important role both in our daily lives as well as in cinema. From this point of view, first of all, an overview of the concept of violence, and then the use of violence in the cinema is explained over the film's elements. The aim of this work is to evaluate these elements in terms of narration, imaging, lighting, music, actor, fiction, art management and analytical psychological aspects within the context of the Joker movie.Cinema is an interdisciplinary branch of art. Besides; The art of cinema, which is loaded with economic, political and cultural codes, primarily has a power to influence audience and also the consciousness of the society. The audience, who passively participates in the cinema viewing experience, enjoys consuming the mass culture offered to him/her. In bourgeois societies, people are considered as individuals, but people's perception of themselves as subjects is not an inherent feature, this role is imposed on them by the sovereign structure. These sovereign powers impose certain characteristics on individuals such as family, religious structures and educational institutions. In this direction, the aim is to create individuals who look like each other and to control these individuals. In the capitalist system, it is possible to talk about the social mechanisms of the system that will prevent the events that may cause any crisis. The minority that called bourgeois controls individuals, institutions, the media, has mass media and directs society in its own interests. Violence, which is a type of psychological behavior that the person we frequently encounter in the society we live in, is used to harm the other person, is a state of exasperation that is applied by the practitioner to the person or persons, institutions or organizations, even other living creatures such as plants, animals, etc. . Cinema, which is one of the areas where social relationship is reproduced, produces the narrative of violence as image and discourse. Violence normally occurs when the person's aggression mood turns into action in real life. The desire that manifests itself as a result of anger and sadness is actually an inner hill where the person can suppress himself with auto-control. We see that aggression turns into violence when the person's control is weakened. It is not possible to talk about the existence of violence as many concepts as long as human exists. Therefore, the phenomenon of violence is a part of cinema as well as life. From the first examples of cinema until today, violence has been processed in various ways, subjects and appearances or has been presented to the audience with codes. In the second part of the study; the use of violence in cinema will be discussed through various directors and films. When we look at the reality of cinema, we see that the directors frequently use the theme of violence. For example; A representation of violence is seen in American cinema such as Quentin Tarantino, David Lynch, Oliver Stone and Martin Scorsese. Violence becomes the narrative itself, especially in Hollywood. Violence is clearly presented and legitimized to the audience, so the audience often justifies the use of violence. The Joker movie examined in the study is actually an example of this. The character is a violent anti-hero, but the viewer justifies the Joker, and this rightful discovery is supported by the public's uprising and the proclamation of the Joker as a hero. The character turned into a hero and identified with the Joker audience. Arthur has unwillingly committed his first murder on the subway because of the evil done to him so far. This situation is justified while the audience is considering the innocence of this behavior. In the subway murder, the audience faces characters representing two different statuses. At this point, the audience took the revenge of the lower class along with the character. In this context, the character fights, suffers, and becomes happy on behalf of the audience. In the study, film reading is done based on the psychological approach of Carl Gustav Jung. Analytical psychology, which plays an important role in the formation and conditioning of movie characters, seeks the meaning of human behavior. Symbols are especially used in psychological analysis. The symbols help us to open the open doors of our unconscious feelings and beliefs; they are the keys to this. We witness the life of Arthur, a character who is overwhelmed by everyone around him, who doesn't care about what he thinks, is attacked even on the street from time to time and looks like a freak. His biggest dream in this process is to be a comedian. But no one believes his dream, including his mother, Penny Fleck. Arthur first realizes that nobody cares about him at the center where he first goes to get psychological help. Having learned that he can no longer receive treatment help, Arthur thinks that even the state doesn't care about those like him. To sum up, the film, which does not include visual effects, shows its difference as a character-oriented film rather than superhero stories. It is explored how these elements reflect the character's mental state and to what extent it attracts the viewer to the emotion of the movie. Consequently, when this study is presented as a violence that is legitimized with justified reasons, the concept of violence that has always been and will be a social phenomenon has been widely used in the art of cinema, which has the most important effect on the masses, and no matter how bad crimes they commit. It shows that the audience finds him right by identifying the character exactly.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Şiddet, Gösteri Toplumu, Medya, Kahraman, Ruhbilimsel Çözümleme, Violence, Demonstration Society, Media, Hero, Analytic Psychology
Kaynak
Intermedia Uluslararası Hakemli İletişim Bilimleri E-Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
7
Sayı
12
