Cümcüme sultan hikâyesinin ilk mensur Türkçe çevirisi
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Date
2018
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Sanat ve Dil Araştırmaları Enstitüsü
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Eski çağlardan beri söylenegelen, olağanüstü varlıkları, olayları konu edinen hayalî hikâyeler olan efsaneler; halkbilime sözlü ve yazılı malzeme sunarlar. Kimi efsanelere, sadece yazıldıkları zamanda ve bölgede değil; bazı değişikliklerle, daha sonraki yüzyıllarda farklı coğrafyalarda da rastlanır. Böylece, her toplumun kendince şekillendirdiği bu efsaneler üzerinden çeşitli kültürlerin izlerini sürmek mümkün olur. On dördüncü yüzyılda, Altın Orda Devri Tatar Edebiyatı devri şairlerinden Hüsam Katib tarafından kaleme alınan ve sonraki yüzyıllarda yazılmış çeşitli varyantları bulunan Cümcüme Sultan hikâyesi de böyle ilgi çekici bir efsanedir. Bu hikâyede, dünyada sultan iken İlyas peygambere inanmadığı için tamuda işkence gören ancak cömert olması ve fakirleri koruması sebebiyle affedilerek Allah’ın izniyle İsa peygamber tarafından diriltilen bir kuru kafanın başından geçenler anlatılır. Hikâye boyunca Hz. İsa ile sohbet eden kuru kafa; dünyadaki hayatına, ahiret yaşamına, tamunun katlarına ve tamu ehline dair bilgiler aktarır. Burada verilmek istenen mesaj, dünyanın faniliğidir. Dünyaya gelen her canlı bir gün ölecektir ve insanlar bu gerçeği bilerek ihtiyaç sahiplerine güçleri yettiğince iyilik yapmalıdır. Dinî didaktik özellikler taşıyan Cümcüme Sultan hikâyesinin bilinen en eski iki metni Harezm Türkçesiyle, Hicri 770 (Miladi 1368) ve Hicri 777 (Miladi 1376) yazılmıştır. Söz konusu ikinci nüsha, Kırım Hanı Sahip Giray Han bin Hacı Giray tarafından Hazine kitapları içinde bulunmuş ve onun emriyle Hicri 955 (Miladi 1548) yılında Osmanlı Türkçesine çevrilmiştir. Bu makalede, Cümcüme Sultan hikâyesinin literatürde bilinen ancak üzerinde hiç çalışma yapılmayan Harezm Türkçesiyle yazılmış manzum metninin, Osmanlı Türkçesine mensur çevirisi dil ve kültür bağlamında ele alınacaktır. Elde edilecek çıktılar sadece dil ve edebiyat alanlarında değil, sosyoloji ve halkbilim sahalarında da kullanılabileceği için çalışma, disiplinler arası bir niteliğe sahiptir
Legends are very old stories or sets of stories from ancient times, or the stories, not always true, that people tell about a famous event or person but they contribute to the folklore with verbal and written material. Some myths are found not only in their written period and in the region, but also in the following centuries in different geographies with some changes. Thus, it is possible to trace the traces of various cultures through these myths that each society shapes itself. The story of the Cümcüme Sultan, written by Hüsam Katib who is one of the most influential poets of the Golden Horne of the Tatar literature in the fourteenth century and various variants of which were written in the following centuries, is such a fascinating legend. In this story, the adventures of a skull that once belonged to a man who, because of his disbelief in the prophet Elijas when he was a sultan in this world, went to hell are told. But he was resurrected by the prophet Jesus with God’s willing due to his generosity, patronage of the poor and not showing favouritism among people. The message to be given here is knowing that life is mortal. The two oldest texts of the story of Cümcüme Sultan which had religious didactic features, were written by Harezm Turkic, in Hijri 770 (1368) and in Hijri 777 (1376). In this study, the second one that Sâhib Giray Khan (son of Hacı Giray Khan) of Crimean Khanate saw among the treasure books and by order of him, was translated to the Ottoman Turkish in 955 will be handled in the context of language and culture. Because the outputs of the study can be used not only in the fields of language and literature, but also in sociology and folklore fields, the study has an interdisciplinary character.
Legends are very old stories or sets of stories from ancient times, or the stories, not always true, that people tell about a famous event or person but they contribute to the folklore with verbal and written material. Some myths are found not only in their written period and in the region, but also in the following centuries in different geographies with some changes. Thus, it is possible to trace the traces of various cultures through these myths that each society shapes itself. The story of the Cümcüme Sultan, written by Hüsam Katib who is one of the most influential poets of the Golden Horne of the Tatar literature in the fourteenth century and various variants of which were written in the following centuries, is such a fascinating legend. In this story, the adventures of a skull that once belonged to a man who, because of his disbelief in the prophet Elijas when he was a sultan in this world, went to hell are told. But he was resurrected by the prophet Jesus with God’s willing due to his generosity, patronage of the poor and not showing favouritism among people. The message to be given here is knowing that life is mortal. The two oldest texts of the story of Cümcüme Sultan which had religious didactic features, were written by Harezm Turkic, in Hijri 770 (1368) and in Hijri 777 (1376). In this study, the second one that Sâhib Giray Khan (son of Hacı Giray Khan) of Crimean Khanate saw among the treasure books and by order of him, was translated to the Ottoman Turkish in 955 will be handled in the context of language and culture. Because the outputs of the study can be used not only in the fields of language and literature, but also in sociology and folklore fields, the study has an interdisciplinary character.
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Keywords
Cümcüme Sultan, Hüsam Katib, Altın Orda, Harezm Türkçesi, İsa Peygamber, Kuru Kafa, Golden Horde, Harezm Turkic, Prophet Jesus, The Skull
Journal or Series
İdil Sanat ve Dil Dergisi
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Scopus Q Value
Volume
7
Issue
48
