6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu'na göre anonim şirketlerde genel kurul kararlarının butlanı
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Anonim şirketler, 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu m. 125 uyarınca tüzel kişiliği haiz olup, 4721 sayılı Türk Medeni Kanunu m. 50 uyarınca faaliyetlerini organları vasıtasıyla yürütürler. Ortaklığın yönetim ve temsil organı yönetim kurulu iken, karar ve irade organı ise genel kuruldur. 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu hükümleri ile genel kurul toplantısı öncesinde ve toplantı sırasında uyulması gereken usullerin yanı sıra toplantı sonrasında alınan kararın geçerli olabilmesi için gerekli şartlar ayrıntılı olarak düzenlenmiştir. Genel kurulda alınan bu kararlar, kararın alınmasında olumsuz oy kullanan ya da toplantıda bulunmayan pay sahiplerini de bağlayacağından, azınlıkta kalan pay sahiplerinin oy çokluğunu elinde bulunduran pay sahiplerine karşı korunabilmesi amacıyla kanunda düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Bu düzenlemeler ile azınlık pay sahiplerine bazı bireysel haklar tanınmış ayrıca hukuka aykırı genel kurul kararlarına karşı dava açma yetkisi verilmiştir. Genel kurul kararı, hukukî işlem niteliğinde olduğundan geçerli olma şartları genel hükümlere göre 6098 sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanunu'nda, anonim ortaklıklara özgü hâllerde de 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu'nda yer alan hükümlere tâbidir. Anonim şirketlerde genel kurul toplantılarında alınan kararların hükümsüzlük hâlleri; yokluk, butlan, iptal edilebilirlik ve askıda hükümsüzlük olarak sayılabilecektir. Bu çalışmada, öncelikli olarak anonim şirket genel kurul toplantısı ile genel kurul kararı 6102 sayılı Türk Ticaret Kanunu çerçevesinde birinci bölümde ele alınacak olup, genel kurul kararlarının hükümsüzlük hâlleri ise ikinci bölümün konusunu oluşturacaktır. Üçüncü bölümde ise, çalışmanın asıl konusu olan genel kurul kararlarının butlanı ile ilgili kanuni düzenlemeler, butlan davası ve butlana tâbi olunan istisnai durumlar incelenecektir.
Joint stock companies have legal personality pursuant to article 125 of the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, and according to article 50 of the Turkish Civil Code numbered 4721, implement their activities through their organs. While the management and representation body of the corporation is the board of directors, the decision and will body is the general assembly. However, the provisions of the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, the procedures to be followed before and during the general assembly meeting, as well as the necessary conditions for the decision taken after the meeting to be valid, are regulated in detail. Since these resolutions taken at the general assembly will also be binding on the shareholders who cast negative votes or were absent from the meeting, regulations have been made in the law to protect the minority shareholders against the shareholders holding the majority of votes. With these regulations, minority shareholders have been granted certain individual rights, and they have been given the authority to sue against illegal general assembly resolutions. Since the general assembly resolution is partake of a legal transaction, its validity conditions are subject to the provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098 according to the general provisions, and the provisions of the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 in cases specific to joint stock companies. Accordingly, invalidity of decisions taken at general assembly meetings in joint stock companies; absence, nullity, annulment and pending invalidity. In this study, the general assembly meeting of the joint stock company and the general assembly resolution will be discussed in the first part within the framework of the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, and the invalidity of the general assembly resolutions will be the subject of the second part. In the third part, the legal regulations regarding the nullity of the general assembly resolutions, which is the main subject of the study, the nullity case and the exceptional cases subject to the nullity will be analysed.
Joint stock companies have legal personality pursuant to article 125 of the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, and according to article 50 of the Turkish Civil Code numbered 4721, implement their activities through their organs. While the management and representation body of the corporation is the board of directors, the decision and will body is the general assembly. However, the provisions of the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, the procedures to be followed before and during the general assembly meeting, as well as the necessary conditions for the decision taken after the meeting to be valid, are regulated in detail. Since these resolutions taken at the general assembly will also be binding on the shareholders who cast negative votes or were absent from the meeting, regulations have been made in the law to protect the minority shareholders against the shareholders holding the majority of votes. With these regulations, minority shareholders have been granted certain individual rights, and they have been given the authority to sue against illegal general assembly resolutions. Since the general assembly resolution is partake of a legal transaction, its validity conditions are subject to the provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations No. 6098 according to the general provisions, and the provisions of the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 in cases specific to joint stock companies. Accordingly, invalidity of decisions taken at general assembly meetings in joint stock companies; absence, nullity, annulment and pending invalidity. In this study, the general assembly meeting of the joint stock company and the general assembly resolution will be discussed in the first part within the framework of the Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, and the invalidity of the general assembly resolutions will be the subject of the second part. In the third part, the legal regulations regarding the nullity of the general assembly resolutions, which is the main subject of the study, the nullity case and the exceptional cases subject to the nullity will be analysed.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Özel Hukuk Ana Bilim Dalı, Özel Hukuk Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Hukuk, Law
