Türkiye'deki Suriyeli göçmenlerin diasporik kimliklerinin oluşumunda etnik medyanın rolü
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Tarihin her döneminde insanlar farklı nedenlerle anavatanlarından ayrılarak başka ülkelere göç etmek durumunda kalmıştır. Suriye'de yaşanan olaylar nedeniyle Mart 2011'den itibaren Türkiye'ye kitlesel bir zorunlu göç akını başlamış ve Mart 2023 itibariyle geçici koruma, ikamet, T.C. vatandaşlığı kazanma gibi nedenlerle Türkiye'de bulunan Suriyeli göçmenlerin sayısı 4 milyona yaklaşmıştır. Suriyeli göçmenlerin Türkiye'de bulunma sürelerinin uzaması, artık ikinci kuşak göçmenlerin bu ülkede doğmaya ve büyümeye başlamalarını beraberinde getirmiştir. Yeni kuşaklar hayatlarının büyük bölümünü anavatanlarında değil Türkiye'de geçirirken, burada yeni bir hayat ve yeni bir kimlik kazanmışlardır. Kendi ülkelerindeki durum, Türkiye ve Türk toplumu ile ilişkileri ve kendi aralarındaki kurulan bağlar gibi farklı etkilerle diasporik bir kimlik inşa süreci başlamıştır. Bu inşa sürecinin en önemli aracısı ise etnik medyadır. İlk kuşak Suriyeli göçmenleri merkezine alan bu araştırma Türkiye'deki Suriyeli göçmenlerin diasporik kimliklerinin oluşumunda etnik medyanın rolünü incelenmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Suriyeli göçmenlerin diasporalaşma sürecini anlamayı kolaylaştıracak önemli verilerden biri de Türk toplumu ile kültürleşme düzeyleridir. Araştırmanın evrenini İstanbul ilinde yaşayan Suriyeli göçmenler, örneklemini ise 348'i nicel bölümde 18'i ise nitel bölümde olmak üzere toplamda 366 kişi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada olasılıksız örnekleme türlerinden olan kartopu örnekleme ve uygun (elverişli) örnekleme tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın veri toplama araçları araştırmacı ve tez danışmanı tarafından oluşturulan sosyo-demografik bilgi (anket) formu ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme (mülakat formu), Berry vd. tarafından hazırlanan Kültürleşme Ölçeği'dir. Araştırma, T.C. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Etik Kurulu'nun onayıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. İngiliz Kültürel Çalışmalar yaklaşımıyla kurgulanan bu araştırma sonucunda göçmenlerin medyayı neden ve ne sıklıkta kullandıkları, çeşitli değişkenlere göre kültürleşme düzeyleri, göçün göçmenler üzerindeki etkileri, etnik medyanın göçmenlerin diasporik kimliklerin inşa sürecindeki rolüne ilişkin bulgular elde edilmiştir. Türkiye'deki Suriyeli göçmenlerin geçici statüleri başta olmak üzere yasal, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel sorunları bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte göçmenlerin kültürleşme biçimi olarak Türk toplumu ile bütünlemeye daha eğilimli oldukları görülmektedir. Ancak yaşanan sorunların diasporik kimlik inşa sürecini etkilediği, etnik medyanın ise hem Türk toplumu ile ilişkiler hem de kendi aralarındaki bağların kurulmasında oldukça önemli bir araç olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları doğrultusunda göçmenlere yönelik medyada kültürel yakınlaşma faaliyetleri, kültürel kopmayı engellemeye yönelik ana dil teşviki, göçmen mevzuatına yönelik belirsizliğinin giderilmesi, göçmenlerin siyasi malzeme olarak kullanılmasının önlenmesi, toplumsal farkındalık oluşturulması, kültürler arası diyaloğun güçlendirilmesi, sosyo-kültürel faaliyetler ve birliktelik alanlarının inşası, istihdam imkânlarının artırılması, çocuk işçiliğinin önlenmesi ve eğitimin teşvik edilmesi, rehberlik ve danışmanlık hizmetleri gibi sosyal politika faaliyetlerinin hayat geçirilmesi önerilmektedir.
All throughout history, people have had to leave their homeland and migrate to other countries for different reasons. Due to the events in Syria, a mass influx of forced migration to Turkey started in March 2011 and as of March 2023, the number of Syrian migrants in Turkey for reasons such as temporary protection, residence, and acquiring Turkish citizenship has reached nearly 4 million. The prolonged stay of Syrian migrants in Turkey has led to the second generation of migrants being born and raised in this country. With the new generations having spent most of their lives in Turkey rather than in their homeland, they have started to gain a new life and a new identity here. A diasporic identity construction process has started with different influences such as the current situation in their own countries, their relations with Turkey and Turkish society, and the ties established among themselves. The most important mediator of this construction process is the ethnic media. This research, which focuses on the first generation Syrian immigrants, aims to examine the role of ethnic media in the formation of diasporic identities of Syrian immigrants in Türkiye. One of the important data that will facilitate understanding the diasporisation process of Syrian migrants is their level of acculturation with Turkish society. The population of the study consisted of Syrian immigrants living in Istanbul and the sample consisted of 366 people in total, 348 of whom were in the quantitative section and 18 in the qualitative section of the study. Snowball sampling and convenient sampling, which are among the non-probability sampling types, were preferred in the study. The data collection tools of the research are the socio-demographic questionnaire form and semi-structured interview form which were created by the researcher and thesis advisor, and the Acculturation Scale prepared by Berry et al. The research was conducted after the approval of the Ethics Committee of Istanbul Commerce University. As a result of this research, which was designed with a British cultural studies approach, findings were obtained on why and how often immigrants use the media, their level of acculturation according to various variables, the effects of migration on immigrants, and the role of ethnic media in the construction process of immigrants' diasporic identities. Syrian migrants in Turkey have legal, economic, social and cultural problems, especially with their temporary status. However, it is seen that migrants are more inclined to integrate with Turkish society as a form of acculturation. It has been determined that the problems experienced affect the diasporic identity construction process, and that ethnic media is a very important tool in establishing both relations with the Turkish society and ties among themselves. In line with the results of the research, it is recommended that social policy activities should implemented such as cultural rapprochement activities in the media for migrants, mother tongue promotion to prevent cultural rupture, eliminating the ambiguity of immigration legislation, preventing migrants from being used as political material, raising social awareness, strengthening intercultural dialogue, building socio-cultural activities and areas of unity, increasing employment opportunities, preventing child labour and promoting education, guidance and counselling services.
All throughout history, people have had to leave their homeland and migrate to other countries for different reasons. Due to the events in Syria, a mass influx of forced migration to Turkey started in March 2011 and as of March 2023, the number of Syrian migrants in Turkey for reasons such as temporary protection, residence, and acquiring Turkish citizenship has reached nearly 4 million. The prolonged stay of Syrian migrants in Turkey has led to the second generation of migrants being born and raised in this country. With the new generations having spent most of their lives in Turkey rather than in their homeland, they have started to gain a new life and a new identity here. A diasporic identity construction process has started with different influences such as the current situation in their own countries, their relations with Turkey and Turkish society, and the ties established among themselves. The most important mediator of this construction process is the ethnic media. This research, which focuses on the first generation Syrian immigrants, aims to examine the role of ethnic media in the formation of diasporic identities of Syrian immigrants in Türkiye. One of the important data that will facilitate understanding the diasporisation process of Syrian migrants is their level of acculturation with Turkish society. The population of the study consisted of Syrian immigrants living in Istanbul and the sample consisted of 366 people in total, 348 of whom were in the quantitative section and 18 in the qualitative section of the study. Snowball sampling and convenient sampling, which are among the non-probability sampling types, were preferred in the study. The data collection tools of the research are the socio-demographic questionnaire form and semi-structured interview form which were created by the researcher and thesis advisor, and the Acculturation Scale prepared by Berry et al. The research was conducted after the approval of the Ethics Committee of Istanbul Commerce University. As a result of this research, which was designed with a British cultural studies approach, findings were obtained on why and how often immigrants use the media, their level of acculturation according to various variables, the effects of migration on immigrants, and the role of ethnic media in the construction process of immigrants' diasporic identities. Syrian migrants in Turkey have legal, economic, social and cultural problems, especially with their temporary status. However, it is seen that migrants are more inclined to integrate with Turkish society as a form of acculturation. It has been determined that the problems experienced affect the diasporic identity construction process, and that ethnic media is a very important tool in establishing both relations with the Turkish society and ties among themselves. In line with the results of the research, it is recommended that social policy activities should implemented such as cultural rapprochement activities in the media for migrants, mother tongue promotion to prevent cultural rupture, eliminating the ambiguity of immigration legislation, preventing migrants from being used as political material, raising social awareness, strengthening intercultural dialogue, building socio-cultural activities and areas of unity, increasing employment opportunities, preventing child labour and promoting education, guidance and counselling services.
Açıklama
İletişim Bilimi ve İnternet Enstitüsü, Medya Ve İletişim Çalışmaları Ana Bilim Dalı, Medya ve İletişim Çalışmaları Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
İletişim Bilimleri, Communication Sciences
