Metropol kentlerde düzensiz göçmenlerin mekânsal kümelenme dinamikleri: Beykoz-Yenimahalle Afganistanlılar örneği
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Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Afganistan'da 1979 yılındaki Sovyetler Birliği işgalinden bu yana sürekli bir savaş ve istikrarsızlık yaşanmaktadır. Savaşın beraberinde getirdiği can kayıpları ve yaralanmalar güvensizlik ortamı yaratmış ve bunun yanında çöken ülke ekonomisi de milyonlarca Afganistanlıyı başka ülkelere mülteci olarak göç etmek zorunda bırakmıştır. Komşuları Pakistan ve İran öncelikli olmak üzere Afganistan halkı daha güvenilir bir ortam ve iş bulma nedenleriyle dünyanın bir çok ülkesine dağılmış durumdadır. Bu durum Afganistan'ı dünyanın en büyük mülteci kaynak ülkesi haline getirmiştir. Türkiye son yıllarda artan bir biçimde Afganistanlıların transit ve hedef ülkelerinden biri haline gelmiştir. İlk olarak 1982 yılında gruplar halinde Türkiye'ye gelmelerine izin verilen Afganistanlılar, özellikle 2000 yılından sonra yoğun bir biçimde ekonomik göçmen olarak yasadışı yollardan gelmeye başlamışlardır. Türkiye'nin birçok ilinde gerek şartlı mülteci, gerekse kaçak olarak bulunan Afganistanlıların en yoğun biçimde yaşadığı yerlerden biri de İstanbul'un Beykoz ilçesindeki Yenimahalle olmuştur. Özellikle çalışmak amacıyla İstanbul'a gelen Afganistanlı gençlerin zincirleme göç ile Yenimahalle'ye geldikleri ve burada mekânsal bir kümelenme oluşturdukları görülmektedir. Bu tez çalışmasında kaçak yollarla, Beykoz-Yenimahalle'ye gelen Afganistanlıların demografik yapısı, Türkiye ve Yenimahalle'ye ayak uydurma süreçleri, göç nedenleri, mekânsal kümelenme dinamikleri, mahalle sakinleri ile ilişkileri, ekonomik durumları ve gelecek planları incelenecektir. Tez çalışmasında, önce düzensiz göç ve mekânsal kümelenme literatürü işlenmiş, saha araştırmasında ise hem nitel hem de nicel araştırma tekniklerini birlikte kullanmaya imkan veren karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. Nitel araştırmada (6 Afganistanlı, 4 Yenimahalleli olmak üzere) 10 kişi ile yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu kullanılarak derinlemesine mülakatlar yapılmış; nicel araştırmada ise 100 kişiye yüz yüze anket uygulanarak veri toplanmıştır. Nitel veriler temalaştırma ve betimsel analiz yöntemi, nicel veriler ise SPSS programında işlenerek frekans ve ilişkisel analize tabi tutulmuştur.
There has been constant war and instability in Afghanistan since the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1979. The casualties and injuries brought on by the war have created an atmosphere of mistrust and the collapsed economy of the country has forced millions of Afghans to migrate other countries as refugee. The Afghan people, with their neighbors Pakistan and Iran are being the priority, have been distributed to many countries of the world for the reasons of finding a more secure environment and jobs to live. This situation has made Afghanistan the world's largest refugee source country. Recently, Turkey has become one of the transit and destination countries of Afghan people. In 1982, Turkey admitted Afghans as legal refugees; however after 2000 the number of illegal Afghan refugees has drastically increased. Today, Afghans live in many cities of Turkey both as conditional refugees or illegal refugees, and one of these places where Afghans live most intensely is the Yenimahalle district in Istanbul Beykoz. Especially, young Afghans who came to Istanbul for better jobs moved to Yenimahalle, created a chain migration, and formed a spatial cluster in Yenimahalle district. In this thesis demographics structure of Afghan refugees who entered to Turkey illegally, their adjustment process to the province they live in, reasons of migration, dynamics of spatial cluster, and their relations with the local people, income level and lastly their future plans will be examined. First, the readers will find the literature for irregular migration and spatial clustering and in field research a mixed method was used which allows both qualitative and quantitative research techniques. There were total 10 in-depth interviews were conducted by using semi-structured questionnaire in qualitative research (6 Afghans and 4 local people form Yenimahalle); and in the quantitative survey, the data were collected by performing face-to-face surveys with 100 people. Qualitative data were analyzed by means of quantification and descriptive analysis, quantitative data were processed by SPSS program and subjected to frequency and corelational analysis.
There has been constant war and instability in Afghanistan since the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1979. The casualties and injuries brought on by the war have created an atmosphere of mistrust and the collapsed economy of the country has forced millions of Afghans to migrate other countries as refugee. The Afghan people, with their neighbors Pakistan and Iran are being the priority, have been distributed to many countries of the world for the reasons of finding a more secure environment and jobs to live. This situation has made Afghanistan the world's largest refugee source country. Recently, Turkey has become one of the transit and destination countries of Afghan people. In 1982, Turkey admitted Afghans as legal refugees; however after 2000 the number of illegal Afghan refugees has drastically increased. Today, Afghans live in many cities of Turkey both as conditional refugees or illegal refugees, and one of these places where Afghans live most intensely is the Yenimahalle district in Istanbul Beykoz. Especially, young Afghans who came to Istanbul for better jobs moved to Yenimahalle, created a chain migration, and formed a spatial cluster in Yenimahalle district. In this thesis demographics structure of Afghan refugees who entered to Turkey illegally, their adjustment process to the province they live in, reasons of migration, dynamics of spatial cluster, and their relations with the local people, income level and lastly their future plans will be examined. First, the readers will find the literature for irregular migration and spatial clustering and in field research a mixed method was used which allows both qualitative and quantitative research techniques. There were total 10 in-depth interviews were conducted by using semi-structured questionnaire in qualitative research (6 Afghans and 4 local people form Yenimahalle); and in the quantitative survey, the data were collected by performing face-to-face surveys with 100 people. Qualitative data were analyzed by means of quantification and descriptive analysis, quantitative data were processed by SPSS program and subjected to frequency and corelational analysis.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, Uygulamalı Sosyoloji Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sosyoloji, Sociology