1980-2021 yılları arasındaki Türkiye'ye göç hareketlerinin yapısal analizi ve karşılaştırması
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Göç, toplumsal yapıyı etkileyen ve dönüştüren bir unsurdur. Göçle birlikte toplumun yapısı, kimliği, kültürü değişime ve dönüşüme uğramıştır. Bu çalışma da 1980 -2021 yılları arasında Türkiye' ye gelen dış göçlerin yapısal analizi yapılmıştır. Türkiye'nin göç tarihine baktığımızda göçler Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarıyla başlamış, mübadelelerle devam etmiştir ve en son 2011 Suriye iç savaşı ile kitlesel göç akını yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Balkanlardan gelen Bulgaristan göçü, Orta Doğu'dan gelen Irak ve Suriye göçleri, Orta Asya'dan gelen Ahıska ve Afganistan göçleri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, göçlerin gerçekleştiği dönemin devlet politikaları, Türk toplumu tarafından nasıl karşılandığı, göçler üzerinde toplumsal kabul ve uyumun etkisi, iç siyasetin politikalara etkisi ve AB'ye aday ülke olma statüsüyle gelen reform ve düzenlemelerin Türkiye'nin göç alanında izlediği politikaları nasıl etkilediği araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden belge tarama modeli kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak Türkiye, gelen göçlere hazırlıksız yakalanmıştır. Bulgaristan, Afganistan ve Ahıska'dan gelen soydaş göçlerin de toplumsal kabul ve entegrasyon yaşanırken, Irak, Suriye ve Afganistan'dan gelen göçlerin etnik farklılık ve fazla sayıda göçmenin gelmesi toplumda dışlama, sosyal mesafe ve ötekileştirme ortaya çıkmıştır. Toplum gelen göçmenlere yardım etmiştir fakat 2011 Suriye Krizi sonrasında Türkiye'nin yaşadığı ekonomik sorunlar, iç siyasetteki ayrımcı ve ötekileştirici söylemler toplumun göçmenlere özellikle Suriye ve Afganlılara karşı olumsuz, önyargılı, ötekileştirici ve dışlayıcı bir bakış açısı gelişmiştir. İskân Kanunu ile yabancı göçünün önüne geçilmeye çalışılsa da küreselleşme, liberalleşme ve istikrarın yaşanması, farklı ırk ve milletten kişilerin Türkiye'ye göç etmesine neden olmuştur. Devlet bu göçlerin önlenmesi için çıkardığı yasaları AB'ye aday ülke kapsamında, uluslararası standartlara uymak ve göçmen haklarını korumak için politik düzenlemeler ve reformlar yapmıştır.
Migration is an element that affects and transforms the social structure. With migration, the structure, identity and culture of the society have undergone changes and transformations. In this study, structural analysis of the foreign migrations to Turkey between 1980 and 2021 was performed. When we look at the migration history of Turkey, migrations started with the first years of the Republic, continued with exchanges, and most recently with the 2011 Syrian civil war, there was a mass influx of migrants. In this study, Bulgarian migration from the Balkans, Iraqi and Syrian migrations from the Middle East, Ahıska and Afghanistan migrations from Central Asia were examined. The aim of this study is to investigate the state policies of the period in which migrations took place, how they were met by the Turkish society, the effect of social acceptance and harmony on migrations, the effect of domestic politics on policies and how the reforms and regulations that came with the status of being a candidate country for the EU affected Turkey's policies in the field of migration. This study was prepared by using document scanning model from qualitative research methods. As a result, Turkey was caught unprepared for the incoming migrations. While the compatriotic migrations from Bulgaria, Afghanistan and Ahıska also experienced social acceptance and integration, the ethnic difference of the migrations from Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan and the arrival of a large number of migrants led to exclusion, social distance and marginalization in the society. The society has helped the incoming migrants, but after the 2011 Syria Crisis, the economic problems Turkey is experiencing, discriminatory and marginalizing discourses in domestic politics have developed a negative, prejudiced, marginalizing and exclusionary perspective of the society towards migrants, especially Syria and Afghans. Although the Settlement Law tries to prevent foreign immigration, globalization, liberalization and stability have caused people from different races and nationalities to migrate to Turkey. The state has enacted laws to prevent these migrations and has made political arrangements and reforms within the scope of the EU candidate country to comply with international standards and to protect the rights of migrants.
Migration is an element that affects and transforms the social structure. With migration, the structure, identity and culture of the society have undergone changes and transformations. In this study, structural analysis of the foreign migrations to Turkey between 1980 and 2021 was performed. When we look at the migration history of Turkey, migrations started with the first years of the Republic, continued with exchanges, and most recently with the 2011 Syrian civil war, there was a mass influx of migrants. In this study, Bulgarian migration from the Balkans, Iraqi and Syrian migrations from the Middle East, Ahıska and Afghanistan migrations from Central Asia were examined. The aim of this study is to investigate the state policies of the period in which migrations took place, how they were met by the Turkish society, the effect of social acceptance and harmony on migrations, the effect of domestic politics on policies and how the reforms and regulations that came with the status of being a candidate country for the EU affected Turkey's policies in the field of migration. This study was prepared by using document scanning model from qualitative research methods. As a result, Turkey was caught unprepared for the incoming migrations. While the compatriotic migrations from Bulgaria, Afghanistan and Ahıska also experienced social acceptance and integration, the ethnic difference of the migrations from Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan and the arrival of a large number of migrants led to exclusion, social distance and marginalization in the society. The society has helped the incoming migrants, but after the 2011 Syria Crisis, the economic problems Turkey is experiencing, discriminatory and marginalizing discourses in domestic politics have developed a negative, prejudiced, marginalizing and exclusionary perspective of the society towards migrants, especially Syria and Afghans. Although the Settlement Law tries to prevent foreign immigration, globalization, liberalization and stability have caused people from different races and nationalities to migrate to Turkey. The state has enacted laws to prevent these migrations and has made political arrangements and reforms within the scope of the EU candidate country to comply with international standards and to protect the rights of migrants.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Sosyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı, Uygulamalı Sosyoloji Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sosyoloji, Sociology
