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Öğe Polycystic kidney disease in a patient using lithium chronically(Turkish Association of Nervous and Mental Health, 2013) Atagün, Murat Ilhan; Oral, Esad Timuçin; Sevinç, CanLithium remains to be the gold standard in the treatment of mood disorders. This study presents a case treated withlithium for an extended period with a good response. Following an increase in creatinine levels, further investigation of renal dysfunction revealed polycystic kidney disease. Lithium was used prior to the diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease, resulting in the unique opportunity to examine the effects of lithium on kidneys with polycystic kidney disease. Within this context, this study also discusses the pharmacokinetics of lithium, and its possible relation to cyst formation in polycystic kidney disease.Öğe Comparable efficacy of tenofovir versus entecavir and predictors of response in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B: A multicenter real-life study(Elsevier B.V., 2014) Batirel, Ayse; Guclu, Ertugrul; Arslan, Ferhat; Kocak, Funda; Karabay, Oguz; Ozer, Serdar; Turanli, MunevverObjective: To compare responses to tenofovir (TDF) and entecavir (ETV) therapy. Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study including treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who received TDF or ETV. The primary end-points were undetectable HBV-DNA at 48 weeks and serological and biochemical responses. Results: Out of 195 CHB patients, 90 (46%) received TDF and 105 (54%) received ETV; 72% were male, their mean age was 43. ±. 12 years, and the mean duration of treatment was 30.2. ±. 15.7 months. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seropositivity was 32% in the TDF group and 34% in the ETV group. HBeAg seroconversion rates in HBeAg-positive patients were 24% in the TDF group and 39% in the ETV group; the difference was not significant (. p=. 0.2). The mean time to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization and rates of ALT normalization at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were similar in the two groups (. p > 0.05). The mean time to undetectable HBV-DNA levels in the TDF and ETV groups was 11.5. ±. 8.9 and 12.9. ±. 10.8 months, respectively (. p=. 0.32). A significantly greater decline in HBV-DNA levels at 12 and 18 months was observed in the TDF group (. p=. 0.02 and p=. 0.03, respectively). Seven (7%) patients on ETV therapy had virological breakthrough (. p=. 0.01). Only one patient in each group had hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance. None of the patients developed decompensation or hepatocellular carcinoma during treatment. Conclusions: The two drugs appear to have similar efficacy in CHB patients. However, 7% of patients on ETV therapy had virological breakthrough, while none of the patients on TDF therapy did. © 2014 The Authors.Öğe STATE OF THE ART PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS IN SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER(Medicinska Naklada, 2016) Yildiz, Mesut; Batmaz, Sedat; Songur, Emrah; Oral, Esat TimucinSeasonal affective disorder (SAD) is defined as a subtype of mood disorders in DSM 5, and it is characterized by a seasonal onset. SAD is proposed to be related to the seasonal changes in naturally occurring light, and the use of bright light therapy for depressive symptoms has been shown to reduce them in placebo controlled trials. Cognitive behavioral therapy has also been demonstrated to be effective in SAD. This review article aims to focus on the psychopharmacological treatment options for SAD. According to clinical trial results, first line treatment options seem to be sertraline and fluoxetine, and are well tolerated by the patients. There is some evidence that other antidepressants (e.g. bupropion) might be effective as well. Although clinical trials have shown that some of these antidepressants may be of benefit, a recent review has concluded that there is not enough evidence to support the use of any of these agents for the treatment of SAD yet. Moreover, more studies are still needed to evaluate the effectiveness of other treatment options, e.g., propranolol, melatonin, hypericum, etc. In addition to the above proposed treatments, patients with seasonal depressive symptoms should thoroughly be evaluated for any cues of bipolarity, and their treatment should be planned accordingly.Öğe Relationship between Childhood Adversities, Emotion Dysregulation and Cognitive Processes in Bipolar Disorder and Recurrent Depressive Disorder(Turkiye Sinir Ve Ruh Sagligi Dernegi, 2021) Yenilmez, Dicle Oymak; Atagun, Murat Ilhan; Altun, Ilkay Keles; Tunc, Serhat; Uzgel, Mine; Altinbas, Kursat; Cesur, GizemObjective: Cognitive development is susceptible to environmental distress, leading to cognitive distortions. Cognitive distortions may affect clinical course of psychiatric disorders. We aimed to assess whether childhood maltreatment and emotion dysregulation impair automatic thoughts (ATs) and meta-cognitions (MCs) in Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Major Depressive Disorder - Recurrent (MDB-RE) in this study. Method: 85 patients with BD, 81 MDD-RE in remission and 86 healthy participants were enrolled. Automatic Thoughts Scale (ATS), Metacognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Strategies Scale (DERS) were the measures used. Results: ATs were determined by CTQ physical abuse (beta=0.34, p<0.01), DERS goals (beta=-0.37, p<0.01), impulse (beta=0.53, p<0.01) and non-accept (beta=0.23, p<0.05) subscales in BD (F=21.08, p<0.01) and CTQ emotional neglect (beta=0.22, p<0.05), DERS strategies (beta=0.39, p<0.05) in MDD-RE (F=9.97, p<0.05). MCs were predicted by sexual abuse (beta=0.46, p<0.01) in BD (F=4.88, p<0.01), and emotional abuse (B=-0.30, p<0.05) in MDD-RE (F=7.02, p<0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that emotion dysregulation and childhood adversities are associated with cognitive processes such as MCs and ATs in MDD-RE and BD. Cognitive processes can cause various clinical manifestations and emotion dysregulation and childhood traumas should be considered as psychopathological components that can affect the course of mood disorders via various components. Further follow-up studies and larger samples are needed to better understand the effects of these components.Öğe Perceived Parental Styles and Adult Separation Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions(Turkiye Sinir Ve Ruh Sagligi Dernegi, 2017) Basbug, Sezin; Cesur, Gizem; Durak Batigun, AysegulObjective: This study primarily aimed to determine whether perceived parental styles and interpersonal cognitive distortions are predictors of adult separation anxiety. Further, this study aimed to examine the mediating role of interpersonal cognitive distortions in the relationship between perceived over-permissive/boundless parental styles and adult separation anxiety in university students. Method: This study included 444 university students (281 female (63,3%) and 163 male (36,7%) with a mean age of sample 21,02 years (SS = 1,70). The Demographic Information Form, Young Parenting Inventory, Interpersonal Cognitive Distortions Scale, and Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire were used. Results: The regression analyses revealed that the age of the participants and their percieved controlling/shaping father parenting style negatively predicted adult separation anxiety, while percieved overpermissive/boundless mother parenting style, exploitative/abusive and overprotective/anxious father parenting styles and the subscales of the interpersonal cognitive distortions scale positively predicted adult separation anxiety. As hypothesized, data from this study reveal that subscales of the interpersonal cognitive distortions scale play a full mediating role in the relationship between over-permissive/boundless parenting styles and adult separation anxiety. Conclusion: Results indicate that the perceived over-permissive/boundless parenting style positively predicts adult separation anxiety symptoms by distorting interpersonal cognitions. Furthermore, the over-permissive parenting style and lack of boundaries and/or discipline lead to similar adverse effects as do authoritarian and normative parenting. To our knowledge, there are very few studies investigating adult separation anxiety symptoms in Turkey. Therefore, our current study provides practical information to mental health professionals regarding adult separation anxiety symptoms, which are likely to be accompanied by other psychological symptoms.Öğe Past and current components-based detailing of particle image velocimetry: A comprehensive review (vol 9, e14404, 2023)(Cell Press, 2023) Rohacs, Daniel; Yasar, Onur; Kale, Utku; Ekici, Selcuk; Yalcin, Enver; Midilli, Adnan; Karakoc, T. Hikmet[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Electrocardiography changes in bipolar patients during long-term lithium monotherapy(Elsevier Science Inc, 2014) Altinbas, Kursat; Guloksuz, Sinan; Caglar, Ilker Murat; Caglar, Fatma Nihan Turhan; Kurt, Erhan; Oral, Esat TimucinObjective: Cardiovascular side effects of lithium have been reported to occur mainly at higher-than-therapeutic serum levels. We aimed to investigate the impact of the long-term lithium use on electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters in association with the serum levels in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and in healthy controls (HCs) serving as the reference group. Methods: The study sample consisted of 53 euthymic BD type I patients on lithium monotherapy at therapeutic serum levels (M=0.76, S.D.=0.14, range=0.41-1.09 mmol/l) for at least 12 months and 45 HCs. A 12-lead surface ECG was obtained from all participants at resting state for at least half an hour for 5-min recording. Heart-rate, Pmax, Pmin, QRS interval, QT dispersion, QT dispersion ratio (QTdR) and Tpeak-to-end interval (TpTe) were measured. Results: Regression analyses revealed that QTdR (B=14.17, P=.001), TpTe (B=18.38, P<.001), Pmax (B=17.84, P<.001) and Pmin (B=25.10, P<.001) were increased in BD patients who were on chronic lithium treatment than in HCs after controlling for age, sex and strict Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. There were no associations between serum lithium levels and ECG parameters. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the use of lithium is associated with both atrial and ventricular electrical instability, even when lithium levels are in the therapeutic range. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Examining the effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in asthma and COPD outpatient support in terms of patient health and public cost: SWOT analysis(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2024) Akduman, Seha; Yılmaz, KadirThis research aimed to examine the effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outpatient treatment support in terms of patient health and public costs. The data obtained in the research using semiotic analysis, content analysis and trend analysis methods were analyzed with strengths, weakness, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis. In this context, 18 studies related to asthma, COPD and artificial intelligence were evaluated. The strengths of artificial intelligence applications in asthma and COPD outpatient treatment stand out as early diagnosis, access to more patients and reduced costs. The points that stand out among the weaknesses are the acceptance and use of technology and vulnerabilities related to artificial intelligence. Opportunities arise in developing differential diagnoses of asthma and COPD and in examining prognoses for the diseases more effectively. Malicious use, commercial data leaks and data security issues stand out among the threats. Although artificial intelligence applications provide great convenience in the outpatient treatment process for asthma and COPD diseases, precautions must be taken on a global scale and with the participation of international organizations against weaknesses and threats. In addition, there is an urgent need for accreditation for the practices to be carried out in this regard.Öğe Cognitive Distortions as Barriers to Seeking Smoking Cessation Treatment: A Comparative Study(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Arpacıoğlu, Selim; Erzincan, Erkal; Ergelen, Mine; Arpacıoğlu, Beyza; Paltun, Salih Cihat; Yalçın, Murat; Bilici, RabiaBackground/Objectives: Despite the availability of effective pharmacotherapy and evidence-based treatments, a substantial proportion of smokers do not seek treatment. This study aims to explore the cognitive distortions associated with not seeking evidence-based smoking cessation treatment and to identify cognitive barriers. Methods: The research conducted in Istanbul between October and December 2017 employs a cross-sectional design and includes two groups: a treatment-seeking group comprising 156 patients diagnosed with tobacco use disorder and a non-treatment seeking group of 78 patients with tobacco use disorder who had never sought professional help for smoking cessation. A comprehensive data collection process was used, including sociodemographic information, cognitive distortion assessment using the cognitive distortions scale, a smoking-related cognitive distortions interview and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Results: While no significant sociodemographic differences were observed between the treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking groups, the study found that higher nicotine dependence was associated with a higher likelihood of seeking treatment. The treatment-seeking group displayed significantly higher levels of “all-or-nothing thinking” cognitive distortions related to smoking and smoking cessation. Conversely, the non-treatment-seeking group exhibited elevated levels of cognitive distortions such as “labeling”, “mental filtering”, “should statements” and “minimizing the positive” regarding receiving smoking cessation treatment. Conclusions: Understanding the cognitive distortions associated with treatment-seeking behavior for tobacco use disorder is crucial for developing targeted public-based interventions, public service announcements for tobacco use prevention and encouraging individuals to seek evidence-based treatment. Addressing these cognitive distortions can also potentially enhance the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs and reduce the global burden of tobacco-related diseases and mortality.Öğe The effect of emergency department history on health literacy level and role of digital literacy: An observational study(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2024) Boǧa, Erkan; Yılmaz, Kadirn this research, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of emergency department history on health literacy level and the role of digital literacy. A total of 454 participants were subjected to survey including health literacy scale, the digital literacy scale, and the demographic information form. Participants were divided into 2 groups as emergency medicine service (EMS) history (n?=?269) and no EMS history (n?=?185) groups. Health literacy, attitude, cognitive, and total digital literacy level of EMS history group were significantly higher than no EMS history group (P?Öğe Unveiling Off-Target Mutations in CRISPR Guide RNAs: Implications for Gene Region Specificity(Mary Ann Liebert Inc., 2024) Köse, Ali Mertcan; Kocadağlı, Ozan; Taştan, Cihan; Aktan, Çağdaş; Ünaldı, Onur Mert; Güzenge, Elanur; Erdil, Hamza EmirThe revolutionary CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionized genetic engineering, and it holds immense potential for therapeutic interventions. However, the presence of off-target mutations and mismatch capacity poses significant challenges to its safe and precise implementation. In this study, we explore the implications of off-target effects on critical gene regions, including exons, introns, and intergenic regions. Leveraging a benchmark dataset and using innovative data preprocessing techniques, we have put forth the advantages of categorical encoding over one-hot encoding in training machine learning classifiers. Crucially, we use latent class analysis (LCA) to uncover subclasses within the off-target range, revealing distinct patterns of gene region disruption. Our comprehensive approach not only highlights the critical role of model complexity in CRISPR applications but also offers a transformative off-target scoring procedure based on ML classifiers and LCA. By bridging the gap between traditional target-off scoring and comprehensive model analysis, our study advances the understanding of off-target effects and opens new avenues for precision genome editing in diverse biological contexts. This work represents a crucial step toward ensuring the safety and efficacy of CRISPR-based therapies, underscoring the importance of responsible genetic manipulation for future therapeutic applications.Öğe Unearthing Insights into Metabolic Syndrome by Linking Drugs, Targets, and Gene Expressions Using Similarity Measures and Graph Theory(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Zafar, Alwaz; Wajid, Bilal; Shabbir, Ans; Awan, Fahim Gohar; Ahsan, Momina; Ahmad, Sarfraz; Wajid, Imran; Anwar, Faria; Mazhar, FazeelatAims and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic disorders that includes obesity in combination with at least any two of the following conditions, i.e., insulin resistance, high blood pressure, low HDL cholesterol, and high triglycerides level. Treatment of this syndrome is challenging because of the multiple interlinked factors that lead to increased risks of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to conduct extensive insilico analysis to (i) find central genes that play a pivotal role in MetS and (ii) propose suitable drugs for therapy. Our objective is to first create a drug-disease network and then identify novel genes in the drug-disease network with strong associations to drug targets, which can help in increasing the therapeutical effects of different drugs. In the future, these novel genes can be used to calculate drug synergy and propose new drugs for the effective treatment of MetS. Methods: For this purpose, we (i) investigated associated drugs and pathways for MetS, (ii) employed eight different similarity measures to construct eight gene regulatory networks, (iii) chose an optimal network, where a maximum number of drug targets were central, (iv) determined central genes exhibiting strong associations with these drug targets and associated disease-causing pathways, and lastly (v) employed these candidate genes to propose suitable drugs. Results: Our results indicated (i) a novel drug-disease network complex, with (ii) novel genes associated with MetS. Conclusion: Our developed drug-disease network complex closely represents MetS with associated novel findings and markers for an improved understanding of the disease and suggested therapy.Öğe Effect of exchange rate uncertainty, energy prices and sectoral spending on agriculture value added, household consumption, and domestic investment(Elsevier, 2024) Iorember, Paul Terhemba; Yusoff, Nora Yusma Mohamed; Abachi, Philip Terhemen; Usman, Ojonugwa; Alola, Andrew AdewaleThe agricultural value chain is underpinned by the interdependence of agricultural value added, household consumption and domestic investment. Understanding the complex interactions between these microeconomic outcomes and the uncertainties in the macroeconomic variables of exchange rates, energy prices and sectoral spending remains under-researched. Therefore, this study examines the impact of exchange rate, energy prices and sectoral spending on agricultural value added, household consumption and domestic investment in Nigeria from 1981 to 2020. Using Kernel regularized least squares (KRLS), the results show that the average pointwise marginal effects of exchange rate and agricultural spending are positive, while the average pointwise marginal effect of energy price is significantly negative for the agricultural value-added model. The results also show that the exchange rate, energy prices and agricultural expenditure all have a positive effect on household consumption. Regarding domestic investment, the effect of the exchange rate is positive and statistically insignificant, while the effects of energy prices and agricultural expenditure are negative and statistically significant. The study recommends the need to strengthen the social safety nets currently in place in Nigeria to support households that are vulnerable to exchange rate fluctuations. In addition, incentives should be given to households and farmers to help use renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power for agricultural activities. Also, investment in value chains and agribusiness initiatives should be encouraged rather than just in crop production.Öğe Cement production and CO2 emission cycles in the USA: evidence from MS-ARDL and MS-VARDL causality methods with century-long data(Springer, 2024) Bildirici, Melike E.; Ersin, Özgür ÖmerThe cement industry is among the top three polluters among all industries and the examination of the nonlinear and cointegration dynamics between cement production and CO2 emissions has not been explored. Focusing on this research gap, the study employs a novel Markov-switching autoregressive distributed lag (MS-ARDL) model and its generalization to vector error correction, the MS-VARDL model, for regime-dependent causality testing. The new method allows the determination of nonlinear long-run and short-run relations, regime duration, and cement-induced-CO2 emission cycles in the USA for a historically long dataset covering 1900–2021. Empirical findings point to nonlinearity in all series and nonlinear cointegration between cement production and cement-induced CO2 emissions. The phases of regimes coincide closely with NBER’s official economic cycles for the USA. The second regime, characterized by expansions, lasts twice as long relative to the first, the contractionary regime, which contains severe economic recessions, as well as economic crises, the 1929 Great Depression, the 1973 Oil Crisis, the 2009 Great Recession, and the COVID-19 Shutdown and Wars, including WWI and II. In both regimes, the adverse effects of cement production on CO2 emissions cannot be rejected with varying degrees both in the long and the short run. Markov regime-switching vector autoregressive distributed lag (MS-VARDL) causality tests confirm unidirectional causality from cement production to CO2 emissions in both regimes. The traditional Granger causality test produces an over-acceptance of causality in a discussed set of cases. Industry-level policy recommendations include investments to help with the shift to green kiln technologies and energy efficiency. National-level policies on renewable energy and carbon capture are also vital considering the energy consumption of cement production.Öğe Investigation of the effect of enzymatic and alkali treatments on the physico-chemical properties of Sambucus ebulus l. plant fiber(Elsevier, 2024) Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Eyüpoğlu, Can; Merdan, Nigarhe investigation aims to determine the effect of enzymatic and alkali treatments on Sambucus ebulus L. stem fiber. For this purpose, Sambucus ebulus L. stem fibers were treated with alkali, cellulase, and pectinase enzymes. An image processing technique was developed and implemented to calculate the average thicknesses of Sambucus ebulus L. fibers. The thickness of alkali, cellulase and pectinase enzyme treated fibers was determined as 478.62??m, 808.28??m and 478.20??m, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis illustrated that enzymatic and alkali treatments lead to the breakage of fiber structure. Furthermore, enzymatic and alkali treatments induce variations in elemental ingredients. All treatments increased the crystallinity index of Sambucus ebulus L. fiber from 72?% (raw fiber) to 83?% (alkali treated), 75.2?% (cellulase enzyme treated) and 86.3?% (pectinase enzyme treated) due to the hydrolysis of hemicellulose. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that there are no significant differences in functional groups. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that enzymatic and alkali treatments improve final degradation temperature of the fiber. Mechanical behaviors of cellulase enzyme-treated fiber decrease compared to raw fiber, while pectinase enzyme and alkali treatment cause to improve mechanical properties. Tensile strength of samples was determined as 76.4?MPa (cellulase enzyme treated fiber), 210?MPa (pectinase enzyme treated fiber) and 240?MPa (alkali treated fiber). Young's modules of cellulase enzyme, pectinase enzyme and alkali treated fibers were predicted as 5.5?GPa, 13.1?GPa and 16.6?GPa. Elongation at break of samples was calculated as 5.5?% (cellulase enzyme treated fiber), 6.5?% (pectinase enzyme treated fiber) and 6?% (alkali treated fiber). The results suggest that enzymatic and alkali treatments can modify the functional and structural attributes of Sambucus ebulus L. fiber.Öğe Carbon pricing and aggregate macroeconomic performance in the Eurozone: a contribution to the climate policy debate using the EU ETS and Macroeconomic Performance Index(Springer, 2024) Olasehinde-Williams, GodwinThis article contributes to the carbon pricing debate by providing new evidence on the aggregate macroeconomic effect of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) in the Eurozone. To this end, a novel macroeconomic performance index is created to capture the overall economic performance of the Eurozone countries. The index is a weighted aggregation of key macroeconomic variables—GDP growth rate, inflation rate, employment rate, exchange rate, and long-term inflation rate—for the 19 member countries of the group. The effect of the EU ETS on this macroeconomic performance index is then empirically examined while controlling for the effects of physical capital accumulation, human capital accumulation and regulatory quality. A panel framework covering the period 2005–2022 is set up to achieve this objective and the relationship is examined using panel method of moments quantile regression with fixed effects, as well as fixed and random effects regressions of Driscoll and Kraay. A number of important revelations are made. Firstly, the behavior of the macroeconomic performance index constructed clearly reflects the economic reality of the Eurozone, with downward spikes visible in periods corresponding with the economic crisis of 2007–2009, the Eurozone debt crisis of 2010/2011, the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2016, and periods around the outbreak of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Hence, a case is made for the use of the macroeconomic performance index as a superior aggregate measure of the overall economic performance in empirical research. Secondly, a statistically significant negative effect of the EU ETS on aggregate macroeconomic performance in the Eurozone is confirmed. This shows that there are significant economic costs associated with the use of carbon pricing as a means of lowering pollution. Thirdly, the findings further show that the negative impact gradually decreases (in absolute values) from lower to higher quantiles. Overall, higher carbon prices cause greater economic disruption when macroeconomic performance is relatively poor but have less damaging effect when aggregate economic performance is relatively strong. Policy recommendations based on the study findings are also provided.Öğe World addiction medicine reports: formation of the International Society of Addiction Medicine Global Expert Network (ISAM-GEN) and its global surveys(Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Ekhtiari, Hamed; Khojasteh Zonoozi, Arash; Rafei, Parnian; Abolghasemi, Fateme Sadat; Pemstein, Dan; Abdelgawad, Tarek; Achab, Sophia; Ghafri, Hamad Al; Al’Absi, Mustafa; Bisch, Michaël; Conti, Aldo Alberto; Ambekar, Atul; Arunogiri, Shalini; Bhad, Roshan; Bilici, Rabia; Brady, Kathleen; Bunt, Gregory; Busse, Anja; Butner, Jenna L.; Danesh, Ahmad; El-Khoury, Joseph; Omari, Fatima El; Jokūbonis, Darius; Jong, Cor de; Dom, Geert; Ebrahimi, Mohsen; Fathi Jouzdani, Ali; Ferri, Marica; Galea-Singer, Susanna; Parker, Dario Gigena; Higuchi, Susumu; Kathiresan, Preethy; Khelifa, Emira; Kouimtsidis, Christos; Krupitsky, Evgeny M.; Long, Jiang; Maremmani, Icro; McGovern, Garrett; Mohaddes Ardabili, Hossein; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Rataemane, Solomon Tshimong; Sangchooli, Arshiya; Sibeko, Goodman; Vella, Anna Maria; Vista, Salvador Benjamin D.; Zare-Bidoky, Mehran; Zhao, Min; Javed, Afzal; Potenza, Marc N.; Baldacchino, Alexander MarioAddiction medicine is a dynamic field that encompasses clinical practice and research in the context of societal, economic, and cultural factors at the local, national, regional, and global levels. This field has evolved profoundly during the past decades in terms of scopes and activities with the contribution of addiction medicine scientists and professionals globally. The dynamic nature of drug addiction at the global level has resulted in a crucial need for developing an international collaborative network of addiction societies, treatment programs and experts to monitor emerging national, regional, and global concerns. This protocol paper presents methodological details of running longitudinal surveys at national, regional, and global levels through the Global Expert Network of the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM-GEN). The initial formation of the network with a recruitment phase and a round of snowball sampling provided 354 experts from 78 countries across the globe. In addition, 43 national/regional addiction societies/associations are also included in the database. The surveys will be developed by global experts in addiction medicine on treatment services, service coverage, co-occurring disorders, treatment standards and barriers, emerging addictions and/or dynamic changes in treatment needs worldwide. Survey participants in categories of (1) addiction societies/associations, (2) addiction treatment programs, (3) addiction experts/clinicians and (4) related stakeholders will respond to these global longitudinal surveys. The results will be analyzed and cross-examined with available data and peer-reviewed for publication.Öğe Socioeconomic shocks, social protection and household food security amidst COVID-19 pandemic in Africa's largest economy(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2024) Osabohien, Romanus A.; Jaaffar, Amar Hisham; Ibrahim, Joshua; Usman, Ojonugwa; Igharo, Amechi E.; Oyekanmi, Adeleke AbdulrahmanAfrica has been known to experience series of problems among which are poverty, food insecurity, lack of access to energy, lack of infrastructure among others. These problems were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had a severe impact on the socioeconomic status of households in Africa. This paper examines the relationship between socioeconomic shocks, social protection, and household food security during the pandemic in Nigeria, the Africa's largest economy. Using the World Bank's COVID-19 national longitudinal baseline phone survey (2020) for the analysis and applied the multinomial logit regression, the study finds that socioeconomic shocks resulting from the pandemic have led to an increased level of food insecurity. Social protection programmes have played a crucial role in mitigating the impact of these shocks on households. However, the study also highlights the need for more targeted and effective social protection policies to ensure that vulnerable households are adequately protected from the adverse effects of the pandemic. The findings of this study have important implications for policymakers and stakeholders in Africa's largest economy, as they seek to address the challenges posed by the pandemic and promote household food security for the actualisation the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of food and nutrition security (SDG2). The study, therefore, recommends that efforts be made to preserve food supply chains by mitigating the pandemic's effect on food systems, increasing food production, and looking forward beyond the pandemic by building resilient food systems with the use of social protection interventions.Öğe Evaluation of treatment responses among subgroups of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy(Wolters Kluwer - Medknow, 2023) Dağıstanlı, Sevinç; Sönmez, Süleyman; Bulut, Nilüfer; Köse, Ali MertcanBackground: Breast MRIs are helpful for determining treatment plans, responses, and prospective survival analyses. In this retrospective cross?sectional study, we compared the preoperative MRI treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) administration with the postoperative pathological response in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data from 108 hospitalized patients receiving NAC between 2020 and 2022. We used MRI to evaluate the treatment response to NAC in patients with locally advanced breast cancers who had not received any prior treatment. We recorded the longest diameter of the primary tumor and the numbers of secondary tumors and axillary lymph nodes. In addition, we examined the correlation between the MRI response rate and pathological specimen results. Results: In our subgroup analyses, we found the best pathological response in patients with luminal B (Ki?67 index >14%) breast cancer and positivity for both hormone receptor and HER?2 markers. After comparing the pathological and radiological treatment responses in tumors and lymph nodes, the sensitivities were 90.3% for the pathological assessment and 42.8% for the radiological assessment, while the accuracies were 84.2% for the pathological assessment and 61.1% for the radiological assessment. Conclusion: Using MRI techniques and sequence intervals and examining the histopathological characteristics of tumors may help increase the accuracy of the pathological complete response.Öğe Energy security-related risks and the quest to attain USA's net-zero emissions targets by 2050: a dynamic ARDL simulations modeling approach(Springer, 2024) Usman, Ojonugwa; Özkan, Oktay; Alola, Andrew Adewale; Ghardallou, WafaThe Russia-Ukraine war and other similar conflicts across the globe have heightened risks to the United States of America's (USA's) energy security. However, little is known about the severity of the effect of energy security risks on the USA's quest to attain net-zero emissions targets by 2050. To this end, we examine the effect of energy security risks on the load capacity factor (LCF) in the USA. Employing a time series dataset spinning from 1970 to 2018, the results of the Dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) simulations model suggest that energy security-related risk hampers the long-term net-zero emissions targets with its effect decreasing over time until it varnishes in about 5 years time. The results also show that foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, renewable energy consumption, and green technology have long- and short-run positive effects on the LCF. Conversely, economic expansion and urbanization impede environmental quality by lowering the LCF both in the long run and short run. These findings are upheld by the outcomes of the multivariate quantile-on-quantile regression. Therefore, the study advocates for the consumption of renewable energy, investment in green technologies, and FDI inflows to mitigate energy security-related risks and attain the net-zero emissions targets by 2050 in the USA.
