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Öğe THE AVAILABILITY OF MICROFIBER TEXTILE MATERIAL IN THE TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE - THE EFFECT OF UV ABSORBER ON MATERIAL TENSILE STRENGTH(Ege Universitesi, 2010) Gezer, Hale; Merdan, NigarRecently, new alternative materials are participated by the production of composites which includes polymer fibers. The fibers in the form of Technical Textiles show variety and provide spreading the modern structure systems in Textile Architecture. The fibers used in textile architectures are mainly polyester, polypropylene and polyamide fibers. Especially the fibers in the form of microfibers come forward because of the endurance against the climatic conditions. Microfiber textile surfaces has the air and water vapour permeability which is demanded for exterior coating, can also be used as exterior surface material when durability conditions were provided. In this research, the tensile strength of polyester microfiber material, used in textile industry, was researched under external conditions. Among these external conditions, especially UV radiation was an effective factor on the material surface. Due to this factor, different concentrations of UV absorbers were applied on microfiber. Undyed microfiber textile material was treated with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% UV absorber concentrations. UV radiation of daylight was limited in 300-400 nm and material was exposed to accelerated aging experiment for 320 hours, which was equivalent to blue wool 7-18 degree reference. The experimental results showed that UV absorber has a positive effect on aged material; however, concentration percentage differences do not provide any annex to endurance of material.Öğe The availability of microfiber textile material in the textile architecture - the effect of uv absorber on material tensile strength(Ege Üniversitesi, 2010) Merdan, Nigar; Gezer, HaleGünümüzde, yapı malzeme gruplarına polimer lifler içeren kompozitlerin üretilmesiyle yeni alternatifler katılmıştır. Çeşitlilik gösteren bu lifler “Teknik Tekstiller” şeklinde, “Tekstil Mimarisinde” çağdaş strüktür sistemlerinin hızla yayılmasını sağlamıştır. Tekstil mimarisinde kullanılan lifler ağırlıklı olarak polyester, polipropilen ve poliamid liflerdir. Bu lifler arasında, özellikle mikrolif şeklinde olanlar iklim koşullarına karşı dayanıklılık göstermeleri nedeniyle öne çıkmaktadır. Mikrolif tekstil yüzeyleri hava ve su buharı geçirgenliğine sahipken, dış yüzey malzemesinden istenen dayanıklılık koşullarını sağlamaktadır. Bu araştırmada, tekstil sektöründe kullanılan polyester mikrolif malzemenin dış ortam koşullarına maruz kaldıktan sonra çekme dayanımı gibi mekanik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Dış ortam koşulları arasında, özellikle UV radyasyon faktörü malzeme yüzeyinde etkili olmaktadır. Bu nedenle, farklı konsantrasyonlarda UV absorbanlar, mikrolif tekstil üzerine uygulanmıştır. Boyanmamış mikrolif tekstil malzemesi %0, %1, %2, %3 ve %4 UV absorban konsantrasyonları ile işlemden geçirilmiştir. Numuneler, gün ışığı ve UV radyasyonu 300-400 nm ile sınırlandırılarak, mavi yün 7-L8 derece referansa eşdeğer olacak şekilde 320 saat hızlandırılmış yaşlanma deneylerine maruz bırakılmıştır. Deney sonuçları incelendiğinde; UV absorbanın malzeme üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu; ancak, farklı konsantrasyon yüzdelerinin malzemenin dayanıklılığı üzerinde herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Characterization of a novel natural plant-based fiber from reddish shell bean as a potential reinforcement in bio-composites(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Eyupoglu, Seyda; Eyupoglu, Can; Merdan, NigarThe main aim of this study is to identify a new sustainable plant-based fiber extracted from the reddish shell bean plant to investigate its usage in polymer matrix composites. Natural reddish shell bean fiber was extracted from vegetable shells with a biological degradation method. To determine the fiber characteristic properties, physical, chemical, and instrumental tests were performed on reddish shell bean fiber. The surface of the sample was determined with a scanning electron microscope, and it shows that the fiber has a rough surface along its length. In addition, an image processing approach was devised and implemented to determine the average fiber diameter of the reddish shell bean fiber. The elemental composition of fiber was obtained as 50.67 wt.% oxygen, 47.89 wt.% carbon, and 1.52 wt.% calcium with an energy disperse X-ray analysis device. In addition, fiber diameter was predicted as 785.87 ?m with the image processing technique. The fiber density was measured as 1080 kg/m3. The crystallinity index of reddish shell bean fiber was calculated as 57%, and the fiber stables up to 328.23°C. The ultimate tensile strength of reddish shell bean fiber was obtained as 111 MPa. The elongation at break and estimated values of Young’s modulus of reddish shell bean fiber are 1.83% and 6.11 GPa, respectively. According to the results, reddish shell bean fiber can be utilized as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites.Öğe Colour and fastness properties of silk fabrics dyed with colours obtained from the flowers of the papaver rhoeas l. (common poppy)(Asian Publication Corporation, 2012) Merdan, Nigar; Şahinbakan Yılmaz, Burcu; Koçak, Dilara; Arı, GIn present study, flowers of the Papaver rhoeas L. plant were used. Usability of the flowers of the Papaver rhoeas L. which has a wide expansion area throughout the world as natural dyes in dyeing the silk fibres was examined. After the silk material was treated with a mordanting process with the common mordanting agents, it was dyed with the dye extracted from the plant through the conventional and ultrasonic methods. L*a*b* values of the dyed material were measured and analyzed by using the CIE L*a*b* colour space system of the samples. Moreover, washing and light fastness properties of dyed materials were examined. It was observed that colour yield increased in dyeing made with natural dyestuff extracted from the Papaver rhoeas L. plant and through the dyeing method performed with environment- friendly ultrasonic energyÖğe Deri mamulün Phytolacca Americana bitkisinden elde edilen doğal boya ile boyanması(Umyos, 2017) Demir, Bervan; Merdan, Nigar; Eyüboğlu, Şeyda; Dayıoğlu, HabipIn this investigation, leather material was dyed with natural dye obtained from Phytolacca Americana plant via conventional method for 1 hour at boaling temperature and ph 4. Before the dyeing process, leather samples were mordanted with sitric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, ascorbic acid and salicylic acid for 1 hour at boiling temperature. After the dyeing process, color strenght, washing and rubbing fastness of samples were investigated with regards to mordant type.Öğe Dokuma bazalt-cam ve fındık kabuğu takviyeli polimer kompozitlerinin eğilme dayanımı ve ısı geçirgenliklerinin incelenmesi(İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, 2011) Mıstık, S. İlker; Merdan, NigarBu çalışmada bazalt ve cam dokuma kumaş ve fındık kabuklarının takviye malzemesi olarak kullanılmasıyla polimer matrisli kompozitler üretilmiştir. Matris olarak thermoset polyester reçine kullanılmıştır. Takviye malzemesinin içerisindeki fındık kabuklarının oranı ağırlıkça %5dir. Ayrıca 3 farklı boyutta fındık kabuğu kullanılmıştır. Üretilen kompozitlerin eğilme dayanımı ve ısı geçirgenlik özellikleri incelenmiştir.Öğe Dyeing of polyester microfibers in acid and alkaline media(Asian Publication Corporation, 2011) Merdan, Nigar; Bozcan, GamzeIn this study, the microfiber polyester fabric was dyed in three colour intensities with six commercial disperse dyestuffs under HT conditions, in acid (pH 5.5) and alkaline (pH 9.5) media at rates of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 %. The acid and alkaline methods were compared in terms of colour and fastness. In addition, the strength values of three disperse dyestuff dyeing processes were determined in each of the two methods. In the performed study, it has been observed that the fastness and strength results of acid and alkaline methods were either close or similar to each other, but that the colour measurements differed and that dyeing in alkaline medium provided lighter shades.Öğe Dyeing wool fabric with the extraction of morus nigra natural dyes(Covitex, 2013) Merdan, Nigar; Canbolat, ŞeydaIn this paper first, the wool samples were mordanted than the samples were dyed with the dyes extracted from Morus nigra by means of conventional and ultrasonic method. The dyeing assessment was carried out using the CIE L*a*b* measured. Also washing fastness and light fastness of the samples were examined.Öğe Dyeing wool fabric with the extraction of sambucus natural coloring agents(Covitex, 2013) Merdan, Nigar; Canbolat, Şeyda; Koçak, Dilara; Akalın, MehmetSambucus ebulus L. and Sambucus nigra L. are the two species of Sambucus in Turkey. The leaves of Sambucus are used in Turkish folk medicine for snake bites, wounds, hemorrhoid and high fever. Also Sambucus consists of tannin, volatile grease, coloring agents and organic acids. The coloring agents take place in the fruits from which they are extracted. In this study the naturel dyes extracted from the fruits of Sambucus nigra L. are used to dye wool yarns. After the samples were mordanted with a variety of mordents, the samples were dyed with the natural dying extracted from Sambucus nigra L. by ultrasonic and conventional methods. After the dying process, some samples were rinsed whilst others were squeezed without rinsing. Half of the samples were applied the finishing process with cationic fixer. Finally the features of dying and fastness have been investigated with regard to the type of mordents, the type of dying process and finishing process.Öğe Ecological dyeing technology of polyester fabric using glycerol(ASTM International, 2021) Merdan, Nigar; Eyüpoğlu, ŞeydaTextile industry struggles with hazardous industrial effluents, water, and energy consumption for sustainability. In the present study, nontoxic glycerol was used as a dispersing agent with water in order to reduce the chemical consumption and eliminate the use of more water in polyester (polyethylene terephthalate [PET]) dyeing. Glycerol was added to dyeing bath at different concentrations, and disperse dyes were dispersed with using microwave radiation. PET fabric samples were dyed with glycerol using microwave radiation, and dyeing properties were compared with carrier dyeing method. After the dyeing process, spectrophotometric analysis, light, rubbing, and washing fastness of samples were analyzed. The experimental results show that glycerol is an ecological and organic substitution to carrier in PET dyeing. As a result, negative environmental impacts of the traditional PET dyeing method can be reduced using glycerol. Compared with traditional dyeing methods, dyeing with glycerol is a promising alternative for sustainability of the textile industry. Moreover, microwave radiation led to an increase in dye uptake, dyeing rate acceleration, energy, and time saving.Öğe Effect of applied different surface modification processes with cellulose enzyme on properties of luffa fibres(Asian Publication Corporation, 2012) Merdan, Nigar; Sancak, E.; Koçak, Dilara; Yüksek, MetinAmong the natural fibres, luffa cylindrical fibres are the ones that are widely available throughout the world. Luffa fibres are known to have lignocellulosic fibre characteristics.Ligno cellulosic lignin content of fibers and other wastes of various chemicals to clean the surface processes. In this study, cellulase enzyme lignocellulosic-based fibers have the luffa fibers, except with the conventional methods are environmentally friendly and energy, water, power, time-saving microwave, ultrasonic energy surface modifications were made using different methods. The results obtained were examined with %weight loss values, mechanical properties, morphological characteristics (SEM) followed by FT-IR and X-ray powder diffraction. Three different chemical processes, carried out cellulase enzyme were proved to be successful. The reason for the microwave processes to be successful is the strength achieved by sonication. This cellulase enzyme processes were found to adequately modify the fibres surfaces.Öğe Effect of degumming performed with different type natural soaps and through ultrasonic method on the properties of silk fiber(American Eurasian Network for Scientific Information Publications, 2012) Merdan, Nigar; Yüksek, Metin; Koçak, Dilara; Beyit, AliRemoval of sericin on the silk fibers is a surface modification process. Various chemical agents are used in the sericin removal process. In this article, effect of the sericin removal process performed in order to clear of the fiber surface from sericin through conventional and ultrasonic methods by using natural materials such as olive oil, daphne, turpentine soaps. The results obtained were examined with %weight loss values; bleaching properties, mechanical properties, morphological characteristics (SEM) followed by FT-IR. The most weight loss was observed in the sericin removal process performed with turpentine soaps through the ultrasonic method with a value of 28.9 %. Best results in terms of mechanical properties values and whiteness index values of the silk fibers were obtained in the ultrasonic method.Öğe The Effect of Dyeing Properties of Fixing Agent and Plasma Treatment on Silk Fabric Dyed with Natural Dye Extract Obtained from Sambucus Ebulus L. Plant(Elsevier Science Bv, 2015) Dayıoğlu, Habip; Kut, Dilek; Merdan, Nigar; Canbolat, Şeyda; Şener, Sefer; Saridogan, Ercan; Staub, SIn this study, the natural dye extracted from the fruits of Sambucus Ebulus L. (Dwarf Elder) was used to dye silk fabric. Prior to the dyeing process, the samples were exposed to oxygen plasma pre-treatment at low frequency for 1 and 5 minutes. Following the plasma pre-treatment, the samples were dyed with the natural dye by the use of conventional and microwave dyeing methods. After dyeing procedure, the samples were treated with three different fixing agents. Finally, the effect of plasma pre-treatment and microwave energy, and type of fixing agent as a dyeing procedure on colour fastness to light, rubbing and washing and also the colour strength of the samples were investigated. According to the results, the increase on plasma treatment time and microwave energy increased the colour strength of samples. The fixing agent treatment did not affect much as the colour fastness properties of dyed samples. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Öğe Effect of microwave energy on disperse dyeability of polypropylene fibres(Marmara Üniversitesi, 2015) Koçak, Dilara; Akalın, Mehmet; Merdan, Nigar; Şahinbakan Yılmaz, BurcuBecause of the savings in energy consumption and the shortened process time, the use of microwave energy in textile wet processes has become an important research topic in the eco-friendly studies. In this experimental work, 100 % isotactic polypropylene (iPP) which is widely used in technical textiles, 80/19/1 and 60/30/10 % iPP/ LLDPE (linear low-density polyethleylene polymer fibres) / EVA (elastomer of ethylene-vinyl acetate) ternary polymer blend fibres were dyed by conventional and microwave heating methods under atmospheric condition with C.I. Disperse Yellow 114, Red 60 and Blue79. The colour yields of conventionally dyed samples were compared to those of the dyed samples using the microwave heating. Finally, the high proportion of EVA in triple fibre mixes can be improved the coloristic properties of ternary polymer blend fibre. The colour fastness to light was quite good for dyed samples by microwave heating with C.I. Disperse Blue 79, to washing and rubbing were adequate for all dyed samples. The process time was reduced almost 90% by microwave heating.Öğe The effect of plasma treatment on the dyeability of silk fabric by using phytolacca Decandra L. natural dye extract(Ege Üniversitesi, 2016) Dayıoğlu, Habip; Merdan, Nigar; Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Kılınç, Mehmet; Kut, DilekThe aim of this study is that plasma treatment effect on dyeability properties of silk fabric with natural dye is investigated. For this purpose, in this study, silk fabric was dyed by the conventional method with natural dye extracted from Phytolacca Decandra L. Before the dyeing process, the sericin on silk fabric was removed. After then, plasma treatment was applied the samples with using oxygen and nitrogen gas for 1, 5 and 10 minutes at low frequency. Furthermore, plasma treated samples were mordanted with potassium aluminum sulfate before the dyeing process. After the dyeing process, colour strength, colour fastness, surface properties, moisture absorption, chemical groups and tensile strength of the dyed samples were investigated. According to the results, the plasma treatment and mordanting process caused to improve the colour yields. The scanning electron microscope images showed that the plasma treatment causes microcracks on the surface of the silk fiber. After the plasma treatment, the hydrophility of samples increased. Moreover, plasma treatment creates microcracks on the silk fiber surface, resulting tensile strength decreases.Öğe The effect of plasma treatment on the dyeability of silk fabric by using Phytolacca Decandra L. natural dye extract(Ege Universitesi, 2016) Dayio?lu, Habip; Merdan, Nigar; Eyüpo?lu, Seyda; Kilinç, Mehmet; Kut, DilekThe aim of this study is that plasma treatment effect on dyeability properties of silk fabric with natural dye is investigated. For this purpose, in this study, silk fabric was dyed by the conventional method with natural dye extracted from Phytolacca Decandra L. Before the dyeing process, the sericin on silk fabric was removed. After then, plasma treatment was applied the samples with using oxygen and nitrogen gas for 1, 5 and 10 minutes at low frequency. Furthermore, plasma treated samples were mordanted with potassium aluminum sulfate before the dyeing process. After the dyeing process, colour strength, colour fastness, surface properties, moisture absorption, chemical groups and tensile strength of the dyed samples were investigated. According to the results, the plasma treatment and mordanting process caused to improve the colour yields. The scanning electron microscope images showed that the plasma treatment causes microcracks on the surface of the silk fiber. After the plasma treatment, the hydrophility of samples increased. Moreover, plasma treatment creates microcracks on the silk fiber surface, resulting tensile strength decreases.Öğe Effect of the ecological methods on the surface modification of the kenaf fibers(Kaunas University of Technology, 2016) Mıstık, Süleyman İlker; Koçak, Emine Dilara; Merdan, NigarKenaf is a biodegradable and environmental friendly bast fibre. The most rapidly expanding application field for kenaf fibre is composites as reinforcing material. In this study four different chemical treatments were applied to kenaf fibre by using conventional, ultrasonic and microwave methods. Weight loss, tensile strength, elongation properties, morphological characteristics (SEM) and FTIR analysis of the treated kenaf fibre were carried out. Valuable results were obtained from formic acid and acetic acid treatments of kenaf fibre by ultrasonic and microwave methods. The reasons for the ultrasonic and microwave processes to be successful are the strength achieved by sonication and microwaveÖğe The effect of the ultrasonic energy on dyeing a polyamide material with reactive dyes, including a different chromophore and a reactive group(Marmara Üniversitesi, 2015) Merdan, Nigar; Canbolat, Şeyda; Kılınç, Mehmet; Akın, FilizIn this study, reactive dyes having different chromophore and reactive groups were used to dye polyamide fabric such as C.I. Reactive Blue 4 (Basilen Blue MR–BASF–chromophore group of anthraquinone, a reactive dye in the structure of dichlorotriazinel), C.I. Reactive Blue 15 (Cibacron Turquoise GF–CGY–chromophore group of phtalocyanine, a reactive dye in the structure of monochlorotriazinel),C.I. Reactive Blue 52 (Drimarene Blue X3LR-S–chromophore group of disazo-formazon metal complex, a reactive dye in the structure of trichloroprimidin) and C.I. Reactive Blue 69 (Lanasol Blue 3G–CGy–chromophore group of, ?- boromoacrylamide of reactive group). The samples were dyed with conventional and ultrasonic method. After the dyeing process, the dye exhaustion rate, dye remova after washing, % fixation values were compared in terms of the methods. Besides, the washing, light, rubbing and perspiration fastness values and ?E*, ?L*, ?a* and ?b* values were analysed in terms of type of reactive dye and dyeing method.Öğe Effect of ultrasonic energy for washing and sewing properties of materials in the enzymatic processes(Autex, 2011) Merdan, Nigar; Koçak, Dilara; Yüksek, Metin; Akalın, MehmetToday, bio-finishing processes are important for textile finishing. Enzymatic processes applied on cellulosic fabrics are called bio-finishing processes. The enzymes involved in such processes are bio-catalysts formed by metabolic products of living organisms obtained from bacterial derivativesÖğe Effect of ultrasonic energy on reductive cleaning process of dyed polyester fabrics(International Conference Texteh, 2013) Akalın, Mehmet; Koçak, Dilara; Merdan, Nigar; Mıstık, Süleyman İlker; Kılınç, MehmetAfter dyeing of polyester with disperse dyes, reductive cleaning processes were applied by using dextrose mono hydrate and commercial alkaline-dispersant reductive substance (Cyclanon ARC–BASF) with sodium dithionite-sodium hydroxide. In this study effects of ultrasonic and conventional methods on reductive cleaning processes were investigated in terms of ?E*, ?L*, ?a*, ?b*, *?C* and ?H* colour values, K/S values and fastness properties. After conventional (70°C, 20 minutes) and ultrasonic (70°C, 10 minutes) reductive cleaning processes, values were compared. Total colour differences of ultrasonic reductive cleaned samples with all reductive cleaning agents were in acceptable range. K/S values were higher for ultrasonic sodium dithionite and sodium hydroxide reductive cleaning processes depending on the sodium hydroxide concentration. K/S values were generally higher for ultrasonic dextrose mono hydrate and sodium hydroxide reductive cleaning process. Higher K/S values were obtained by conventional reductive cleaning process by using Cyclanon ARC. Using of ultrasonic energy for reductive cleaning did not have any negative effects on fastness properties of reductive cleaned samples.
