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Öğe Colour and fastness properties of silk fabrics dyed with colours obtained from the flowers of the papaver rhoeas l. (common poppy)(Asian Publication Corporation, 2012) Merdan, Nigar; Şahinbakan Yılmaz, Burcu; Koçak, Dilara; Arı, GIn present study, flowers of the Papaver rhoeas L. plant were used. Usability of the flowers of the Papaver rhoeas L. which has a wide expansion area throughout the world as natural dyes in dyeing the silk fibres was examined. After the silk material was treated with a mordanting process with the common mordanting agents, it was dyed with the dye extracted from the plant through the conventional and ultrasonic methods. L*a*b* values of the dyed material were measured and analyzed by using the CIE L*a*b* colour space system of the samples. Moreover, washing and light fastness properties of dyed materials were examined. It was observed that colour yield increased in dyeing made with natural dyestuff extracted from the Papaver rhoeas L. plant and through the dyeing method performed with environment- friendly ultrasonic energyÖğe Dyeing wool fabric with the extraction of sambucus natural coloring agents(Covitex, 2013) Merdan, Nigar; Canbolat, Şeyda; Koçak, Dilara; Akalın, MehmetSambucus ebulus L. and Sambucus nigra L. are the two species of Sambucus in Turkey. The leaves of Sambucus are used in Turkish folk medicine for snake bites, wounds, hemorrhoid and high fever. Also Sambucus consists of tannin, volatile grease, coloring agents and organic acids. The coloring agents take place in the fruits from which they are extracted. In this study the naturel dyes extracted from the fruits of Sambucus nigra L. are used to dye wool yarns. After the samples were mordanted with a variety of mordents, the samples were dyed with the natural dying extracted from Sambucus nigra L. by ultrasonic and conventional methods. After the dying process, some samples were rinsed whilst others were squeezed without rinsing. Half of the samples were applied the finishing process with cationic fixer. Finally the features of dying and fastness have been investigated with regard to the type of mordents, the type of dying process and finishing process.Öğe Effect of applied different surface modification processes with cellulose enzyme on properties of luffa fibres(Asian Publication Corporation, 2012) Merdan, Nigar; Sancak, E.; Koçak, Dilara; Yüksek, MetinAmong the natural fibres, luffa cylindrical fibres are the ones that are widely available throughout the world. Luffa fibres are known to have lignocellulosic fibre characteristics.Ligno cellulosic lignin content of fibers and other wastes of various chemicals to clean the surface processes. In this study, cellulase enzyme lignocellulosic-based fibers have the luffa fibers, except with the conventional methods are environmentally friendly and energy, water, power, time-saving microwave, ultrasonic energy surface modifications were made using different methods. The results obtained were examined with %weight loss values, mechanical properties, morphological characteristics (SEM) followed by FT-IR and X-ray powder diffraction. Three different chemical processes, carried out cellulase enzyme were proved to be successful. The reason for the microwave processes to be successful is the strength achieved by sonication. This cellulase enzyme processes were found to adequately modify the fibres surfaces.Öğe Effect of degumming performed with different type natural soaps and through ultrasonic method on the properties of silk fiber(American Eurasian Network for Scientific Information Publications, 2012) Merdan, Nigar; Yüksek, Metin; Koçak, Dilara; Beyit, AliRemoval of sericin on the silk fibers is a surface modification process. Various chemical agents are used in the sericin removal process. In this article, effect of the sericin removal process performed in order to clear of the fiber surface from sericin through conventional and ultrasonic methods by using natural materials such as olive oil, daphne, turpentine soaps. The results obtained were examined with %weight loss values; bleaching properties, mechanical properties, morphological characteristics (SEM) followed by FT-IR. The most weight loss was observed in the sericin removal process performed with turpentine soaps through the ultrasonic method with a value of 28.9 %. Best results in terms of mechanical properties values and whiteness index values of the silk fibers were obtained in the ultrasonic method.Öğe Effect of microwave energy on disperse dyeability of polypropylene fibres(Marmara Üniversitesi, 2015) Koçak, Dilara; Akalın, Mehmet; Merdan, Nigar; Şahinbakan Yılmaz, BurcuBecause of the savings in energy consumption and the shortened process time, the use of microwave energy in textile wet processes has become an important research topic in the eco-friendly studies. In this experimental work, 100 % isotactic polypropylene (iPP) which is widely used in technical textiles, 80/19/1 and 60/30/10 % iPP/ LLDPE (linear low-density polyethleylene polymer fibres) / EVA (elastomer of ethylene-vinyl acetate) ternary polymer blend fibres were dyed by conventional and microwave heating methods under atmospheric condition with C.I. Disperse Yellow 114, Red 60 and Blue79. The colour yields of conventionally dyed samples were compared to those of the dyed samples using the microwave heating. Finally, the high proportion of EVA in triple fibre mixes can be improved the coloristic properties of ternary polymer blend fibre. The colour fastness to light was quite good for dyed samples by microwave heating with C.I. Disperse Blue 79, to washing and rubbing were adequate for all dyed samples. The process time was reduced almost 90% by microwave heating.Öğe Effect of ultrasonic energy for washing and sewing properties of materials in the enzymatic processes(Autex, 2011) Merdan, Nigar; Koçak, Dilara; Yüksek, Metin; Akalın, MehmetToday, bio-finishing processes are important for textile finishing. Enzymatic processes applied on cellulosic fabrics are called bio-finishing processes. The enzymes involved in such processes are bio-catalysts formed by metabolic products of living organisms obtained from bacterial derivativesÖğe Effect of ultrasonic energy on reductive cleaning process of dyed polyester fabrics(International Conference Texteh, 2013) Akalın, Mehmet; Koçak, Dilara; Merdan, Nigar; Mıstık, Süleyman İlker; Kılınç, MehmetAfter dyeing of polyester with disperse dyes, reductive cleaning processes were applied by using dextrose mono hydrate and commercial alkaline-dispersant reductive substance (Cyclanon ARC–BASF) with sodium dithionite-sodium hydroxide. In this study effects of ultrasonic and conventional methods on reductive cleaning processes were investigated in terms of ?E*, ?L*, ?a*, ?b*, *?C* and ?H* colour values, K/S values and fastness properties. After conventional (70°C, 20 minutes) and ultrasonic (70°C, 10 minutes) reductive cleaning processes, values were compared. Total colour differences of ultrasonic reductive cleaned samples with all reductive cleaning agents were in acceptable range. K/S values were higher for ultrasonic sodium dithionite and sodium hydroxide reductive cleaning processes depending on the sodium hydroxide concentration. K/S values were generally higher for ultrasonic dextrose mono hydrate and sodium hydroxide reductive cleaning process. Higher K/S values were obtained by conventional reductive cleaning process by using Cyclanon ARC. Using of ultrasonic energy for reductive cleaning did not have any negative effects on fastness properties of reductive cleaned samples.Öğe Effects of uv absorbers on cotton fabrics(American Eurasian Network for Scientific Information, 2012) Merdan, Nigar; Koçak, Dilara; Yüksek, Metin; Şahinbakan Yılmaz, BurcuDue to the ozone layer depletion, increased levels of UV rays start having wide ranging impacts on human health and welfare. Although the energy required to sustain life comes from the sun, acute or chronic overexposure to sunlight can lead to a variety of deleterious effects such as erythema (sunburn), photoaging, premalignant lesions and melanoma skin cancer. Clothing has the ability to protect the skin to an extent; but in many cases this protection may not be sufficient. The percentage of radiation transmitted by the fabric is a crucial factor that determines the level of protection. Fabrics that are treated with UV absorbers which have increased ability to attenuate light protect human skin from harms of solar radiation. UV absorbers can be incorporated into synthetic fibers in fiber spinning baths. They can also be applied as finishing agents. In this study, two types of 100% cotton fabrics have been used; twill 2/1 and rib 2/1. Following the application of preliminary processes, these fabric specimens were dyed with 0.1%Procion Brilliant Red HE-GXL (Dye-Star). UV absorbers were added before, during and after dyeing at the concentrations of 0 and 2 %. Transmittance values at 290-400 nm were measured. These values for undyed and dyed fabrics were used in the calculation of UPF and UV protection categories for each specimen were determined. Moreover, whiteness degrees of undyed specimens treated with UV absorbers were examined. The light fastness of dyed fabrics was also examinedÖğe Impacts of ultrasonic energy on washability, sewability and colour properties of materials in enzymatic process(2011) Merdan, Nigar; Akalın, Mehmet; Cengiz, Candan; Koçak, DilaraThe short fibers on the cellulosic materials are removed by bio-processing and thus smoothing the surface. Within the scope of this study, materials on which cellulase enzyme was applied were washed through the ultrasonic probe method following bio-processing. Comparisons in terms of weight loss, whiteness levels and colour measures and changes of fabrics used in the study were carried out. Washing, rubbing, perspiration and light fastness, pilling and stitching resistance and slipping properties of materials were also observed.Öğe Investigation of properties of polymer/textile fiber composites(2010) Taşdemir, Münir; Akalın, Mehmet; Koçak, Dilara; Usta, İsmail; Merdan, NigarPolymer-based composite structures have advantages over other materials. The most important advantage is the higher mechanical properties obtained from the composites when supported by fiber reinforcement. The mechanical and thermal properties of fiber-reinforced composite structures are affected by the amount of fibers in the structures, orientation of the fiber and fiber length. Silk and cotton fibers are used in many fields but especially in clothing and textiles. However, there is not enough research on their usage as reinforcement fibers in composite structures. Silk fibers as a textile material have better physical and mechanic properties than other animal fibers. It is very important that the improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of the composite structures allows them to be used in many areas. From economical, technological and environmental points of view, the improved the mechanical and physical properties of polymeric materials are receiving much attention in the recent studies. In this study, various lengths (1mm-2.5mm and 5mm) of waste silk and waste cotton fibers were added to high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) polymer in the mixing ratios of (polymer:fiber) 100%:0%, 97%:3%, and 94%:6% to produce composite structures. On the other hand, known lengths (1-2.5-5mm) of waste silk and waste cotton fibers were added to recycled polyamide-6 (PA6) and polycarbonate (PC) polymers in mixing quantities of 100%-0%, 97%-3%. A twin-screw extruder was employed for the production of composites. Tensile strength, % elongation, yield strength, elasticity modulus, Izod impact strength, melt flow index (MFI), heat deflection temperature (HDT), and Vicat softening temperature properties were determined. In order to determine the materials' thermal transition and microstructure properties, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. Results have shown that cotton and silk fibers behave differently than in the composite structure. Waste silk fiber composites give better mechanical properties than waste cotton fiber.Öğe Investigation of the dyeability behavior of banana fibers with natural dye extract obtained from turmeric plants(Marmara Üniversitesi, 2015) Canbolat, Şeyda; Merdan, Nigar; Dayıoğlu, Habip; Koçak, DilaraIn this study, the fibers produced from the banana plants provided from Antalya region were treated with a variety of mordants, and then the fibers were dyed with the natural dye extracted from turmeric plant (Curcuma longa) via ultrasonic and conventional method. Finally, the dye uptake and fastness properties of samples were investigated. The recent studies have demonstrated that the synthetic dyes can be non-biodegradable, allergenic, cytotoxic and partially carcinogenic. Recently demand for eco-friendly, non-carcinogenic and non-toxic products have been gradually increased. Compared to the synthetic dyes, the natural dyes are advantageous in the way of been biodegradable and non-toxic and not causing health problems, produced under temperate conditions. These properties of natural dyes lately result in increasing their usage. Today utilization of many plant extracts as natural dyes has been investigated such as turmeric plant.Öğe Investigation of the effect of the dyeing method on the dyeing properties of wool fabrics dyed with natural dyes extracted from vaccinium corymbosum l.(Marmara Üniversitesi, 2015) Merdan, Nigar; Koçak, Dilara; Canbolat, Şeyda; Dayıoğlu, Habip; Akın, Filiz; Kılınç, MehmetIn this investigation, wool fabrics were dyed with the natural dyes extracted from blueberry Vaccınıum Corymbosum L. via conventional, ultrasonic and microwave method. Before the dyeing process, some of the samples were applied oxygen plasma pre-treatment; the other sample was mordanted with aluminium potassium sulphate. The dyeing methods were evaluated in terms of color and fastness properties. The fastness results demonstrated that the mordanting caused to increase in the fastness properties. The results of measurements of color strength demonstrate that the samples with the best color strength were obtained in accordance with conventional and ultrasonic dyeing methods.Öğe Investigation of the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of isotactic polypropylene/linear low-density polyethylene/ethylene vinyl acetate polymer blends and their fibers(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2016) Koçak, Dilara; Akalın, Mehmet; Merdan, NigarIn order to improve the functionality of certain defective characteristics of polypropylene polymer and fiber, their blends are analyzed physically and chemically both in the industry and the academia. There are fibers obtained from two different polymer blends and additive-added fibers in the polypropylene fiber industry. The aim of this study is to obtain polymer blends and their fibers, which consist of isotactic polypropylene and linear low-density polyethylene. In order to improve the blending of isotactic polypropylene and linear low-density polyethylene, ethylene vinyl acetate was added in the blend at different concentration such as 1, 5, 10, and 15% by using a twin-screw extruder. Polymer blends and their fibers were produced from the blends with different ratios of blending. Besides, the mechanical properties including strength, elongation, modulus of elasticity, yield of strength, Izod impact strength, hardness, thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry and melt flow index), and morphological properties (scanning electron microscopy) of polymer blends and their fibers were investigated. © 2014, © The Author(s) 2014.Öğe The investigation of the sound absorption properties of rice husk/polyurethane composite materials(International Conference Texteh, 2013) Canbolat, Şeyda; Dayıoğlu, Habip; Koçak, Dilara; Merdan, NigarAs known the sound absorption properties of natural materials are vitally important. The sound absorption properties of materials improve with the increasing the ratio of porocity. The surface modification to the waste rice was carried out by using sodium hydroxide via conventional method. Finally the sound absorption properties of the rice husk/polyurethane composite with low and high sound frequency were investigated.Öğe Investigation on colour and fastness properties of wool fabrics dyed with colours obtained from the flowers of the papaver rhoeas l. (Common Poppy)(American Eurasian Network for Scientific Information, 2012) Merdan, Nigar; Saçlıoğlu, Mehmet Zaman; Koçak, Dilara; Şahinbakan Yılmaz, BurcuIn this research, usability of the flowers of the Papaver rhoeas L. which has a wide expansion area throughout the world as natural dyes in dyeing the wool fibres was examined. Wool fabric was dyed through the conventional and ultrasonic methods with the dye extracted from the plant after it was mordanted with the common mordanting agents. L*a*b* values of the materials were measured and compared by using the CIE L*a*b* colour space system of the wool fabric samples. Moreover, washing and light fastness properties of the dyed materials were examined. It was observed that colour yield increased in dyeing made with natural dyestuff extracted from the Papaver rhoeas L. plant and through the dyeing method performed with environmentfriendly ultrasonic energy.Öğe İpek kumaşın kızılağaç kabuğundan ekstrakte edilen doğal boya ile boyanması(Akdeniz Üniversitesi, 2017) Demir, Bervan; Yıldız, Filiz; Merdan, Nigar; Koçak, DilaraBu çalışmada, boyamadan önce ham ipek zeytin yağ, mango, avakado, çilek, elma sabunu ile materyalin serisini uzaklaştırılmış ve kızılağaç kabuğundan ekstrakte edilen doğal boyar madde ile 1 saat süreyle kaynama sıcaklığında konvansiyonel yönteme göre boyanmıştır. Boyama işleminden önce serisini uzaklaştırılmış olan numuneler sodyum sülfat ve oksalik asit ile mordanlanmıştır. Serisin uzaklaştırmada kullanılan farklı sabunların numunelerdeki % ağırlık kaybı değerleri belirlenmiş, ardından zeytin yağı kullanılarak serisini uzaklaştırılmış numune standart kabul edilerek numunelerin ağırlık kayıpları karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada kullanılan numunelerin CILab, K/S, yıkama ve sürtme haslık değerleri ölçülmüştür.Öğe Kenevir liflerinin konvansiyonel ve mikrodalga yöntemine göre maleik anhidrit ile yüzey modifikasyonu(İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, 2012) Merdan, Nigar; Koçak, Dilara; Acar, KamilMikrodalga yöntemi tekstil yaş işlemleri için oldukça yeni bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntemin düşük enerji tüketimi ile hızlı ve kısa işlem süresi gibi bazı avantajları vardır. Bu çalışmada %2.5, %5 ve %10 konsantrasyonunda maleik anhidrit ile kenevir lifleri işleme tabi tutulmuştur. Kenevir liflerinin maleik anhidrit ile işleminde konvansiyonel ve mikrodalga yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. İşlem görmüş kenevir liflerinin kopma dayanımı ve uzama değerleri araştırılmıştır.Öğe Mechanical, thermal, and microstructure analysis of silk- and cotton-waste-fiber-reinforced high-density polyethylene composites(2008) Koçak, Dilara; Taşdemir, Münir; Usta, İsmail; Merdan, Nigar; Akalın, MehmetIn this study, composite structures were produced using HDPE polymer with silk and cotton waste as reinforcement fibers in different ratios. Cotton and silk wastes were mixed in the ratios of HDPE/silk or cotton waste 100%/0%, 97%/3%, and 94%/6%. This mixture was prepared with double-screwed extruder. The tests were carried out in terms of tensile strength, % elongation, yield strength, elasticity module, izod impact strength, melt flow index (MFI), heat deflection temperature (HDT), and vicat softening temperature. Materials' thermal transitions were determined with differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and microstructure properties with scanning electron microscope (SEM).Öğe Properties of polypropylene composite produced with silk and cotton fiber waste as reinforcement(2007) Taşdemir, Münir; Koçak, Dilara; Usta, İsmail; Akalın, Mehmet; Merdan, NigarThe importance of polymer composites among industrial materials is due to their improved mechanical properties. In recent researches, mechanical and physical properties have been improved by way of making composites with fiber reinforcement. Silk and cotton fibers used in the textile industry have good physical and mechanical properties. In this study, composite structures were produced by using recycled Poly Propylene, PP, polymer with silk and cotton waste as fiber reinforcement in different ratios. The fiber dimensions of silk and cotton wastes were between 1mm, 2.5mm, and 5mm. They were mixed in the ratios of PP/silk and cotton waste 97%/3 and 94%/6. The mixture of polymer composite was prepared with double screw extruder. The sample was tested for tensile strength, elongation, yield strength, elasticity modulus, izod impact strength, melt flow index (MFI), heat deflection temperature (HDT), and vicat softening temperature. Thermal transitions of the materials were determined with Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and micro-structure properties were observed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).Öğe Properties of recycled polycarbonate/waste silk and cotton fiber polymer composites(2008) Taşdemir, Münir; Koçak, Dilara; Usta, İsmail; Akalın, Mehmet; Merdan, NigarPolymer-based composite structures have advantages over many other materials. The most important advantage is the higher mechanical properties obtained from the composites when supported by fiber reinforcement. The mechanical and thermal properties of fiber-reinforced composite structures are affected by the amount of fibers in the structures, orientation of the fibers and fiber length. Silk and cotton fibers are used in many fields but especially in clothing and textiles. However, there is not enough research on their usage as reinforcement fibers in composite structures. Silk fibers as a textile material have better physical and mechanical properties than other animal fibers. The improvement of the mechanical and physical properties of the composite structures allows them to be used in many areas. From economical, technological and environmental points of view, the improvement of mechanical and physical properties of polymeric materials are receiving much attention in recent studies. In this study, different application areas were chosen to evaluate the waste silk and waste cotton rather than classic textile applications. Waste silk and cotton and recycled polycarbonate polymer were mixed and as a result composite structures were obtained. Silk and cotton waste fiber dimensions were in between 1 mm, 2.5 mm and 5 mm. The recycled PC/silk and cotton wastes were mixed in the rates of 97%/3%. Mixtures were prepared by twin-screw extruder. Tensile strength, % elongation, yield strength, elasticity modulus, Izod impact strength, melt flow index (MFI), heat deflection temperature (HDT) and Vicat softening temperature properties were determined. To determine the materials' thermal transition and microstructure properties, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used.
