Dijitalleşmenin ekonomik, teknolojik, toplumsal ve etik etkilerinin uluslararası raporlar üzerinden analizi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Dijital teknolojiler birçok sorunun çözümünde kilit bir rol üstlenmektedir. Özellikle Kovid-19 salgınıyla birlikte değişen çalışma koşulları, eğitim, sosyalleşme, etkileşim gibi olguların odak noktası dijital teknolojiler ve dijital becerilerden geçmektedir. Bu nedenle özellikle uluslararası raporlarda ele alınan dijital dünya etkisinin irdelenmesi konuyla ilgili keskin sınırların belirlenmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada literatür taramasından yararlanılmıştır. Dijitalleşmenin ortaya çıkardığı etki, yenilik ve problemler Dünya Ekonomik Forumu (WEF), Ekonomik İşbirliği ve Kalkınma Örgütü (OECD), Birleşmiş Milletler Eğitim, Bilim ve Kültür Örgütü (UNESCO), Avrupa Birliği (AB) ve Avrupa Konseyi (AK)’nin yayınladığı raporlar çerçevesinde incelenmiş ve içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Uluslararası raporlarda dijitalleşmenin etkileri, hangi alanları kapsadığı, üzerinde durulan ortak noktalar, dijital ekosistemin teşvik edilip edilmediği, dijital etik açısından sorunların olup olmadığı gibi sorulara cevap aranmıştır. Raporlarda dijitalleşmenin ortaya çıkardığı etkiler oldukça kapsamlı olmasına karşın temel olarak ekonomik, teknolojik ve toplumsal etki ile etik yaklaşımlar çerçevesinde toplanmıştır. Belirlenen 4 kategori çerçevesinde uluslararası raporlar incelendiğinde ekonomik etkinin iş gücü piyasasının dijital dönüşümü, ekonomik çerçevede uluslararası dijital işbirliği, dijital bir ekosistem teşviki, sürdürebilir bir büyüme gibi çeşitli konu başlıklarıyla ele alındığı görülmektedir. Teknolojik etkiler bakımından ise şeffaflık ve hesap verilebilirlik, siber güvenlik problemleri, teknolojik sorumluluk, insani denetim mekanizması, dijital araçlardaki tutarsızlık raporlarda üzerinde durulan konuları oluşturmaktadır. Toplumsal etki bakımından ise dijital hayat için etkin politikalar oluşturma, kolluk kuvvetlerinin dijital veri kullanımı ve son dönemlerdeki raporlarda Kovid-19 salgınıyla birlikte önem kazanan dijital eğitim, e-bilgi, konularının tartışıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Son olarak etik yaklaşım açısından uluslararası raporlar incelendiğinde dijital dünya ile birlikte ortaya çıkan gizlilik ve veri paylaşımının toplumsal etkisi, enformasyon ve iletişim etiği, insan merkezli değerler ve adalet gibi konuların üzerinde durulduğu görülmektedir.
Extended Abstract: Digital technologies play a key role in solving many problems. With the Covid-19 outbreak, working conditions, education, socialization, and interaction phenomena have changed. For this reason, it is necessary to examine the impact of the digital world mentioned in international reports. At this stage, literature review was used in the study. The digitalization reports published by the World Economic Forum (WEF), the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the European Union (EU), and the Council of Europe (EC) have been examined. Although the effects of digitalization in the reports are quite extensive, they are mainly gathered within the framework of economic, technological, and social impact. When the international reports are examined, it is seen that the economic impact is discussed with various topics such as the digital transformation of the labor market, international digital cooperation in the economic framework, the incentive of a digital ecosystem, and a sustainable growth. In terms of technological impacts, transparency and accountability, cybersecurity problems, technological responsibility, humanitarian control mechanism, are the subjects emphasized in the reports. In terms of social impact, it was observed that effective policies for digital life, digital education, e-information, were discussed. Finally, in terms of ethical approach, the social impact of privacy and data sharing, information and communication ethics, and digital justice are discussed. Digital transformation triggers massive data production and use. This situation draws the attention of institutions and especially international organizations. New approaches are needed to keep up with transformation. The emerging ideas focus on solving the digitalization effect. Especially in recent years, international reports have been published on the process of digitalization and its effects. In the reports, the change, development, and problems caused by digitalization are mainly discussed. These problems are discussed in the reports in the context of economy, technology, social impact, and ethical approach. Content analysis was carried out by considering the international reports mentioned. Content analysis is a categorization process performed within the framework of the basic assumptions of research. The most critical point in content analysis is that the assumptions about the categories are prepared in advance as a result of the researcher's knowledge. When the reports are examined, it is seen that the effects of digitalization are gathered in economic, technological, social, and ethical fields. For this reason, the items on digital life effects discussed in the reports were evaluated under four categories. It is aimed to determine the economic, technological, social effects, and ethical approaches of digitalization. The study also sought answers to some of the following questions: 1- What areas are the effects of digitalization in international reports? 2- Are there common points regarding the effects of digitalization in international reports? 3- Is a common digital ecosystem encouraged in international reports? 4- Are there any problems in the existence, implementation, and control of norms related to digital ethics in international reports? New technologies need to be designed to benefit the norms. Their use is seen as the main basis of the ethical approach. In this context, it has been tried to determine what social problems might be in the content of the reports before they actually appear. Considering the innovations brought about by technological changes, it is seen that the current order has not yet fully adapted to the digital transformation. The flow of information generated by digital technologies, a large number of online actions reveal many digital "footprints". Digital technologies are the basis for digital transformation in all sectors of economies and societies. Digital technologies, which play a key role in solving many problems, have raised certain questions with the Covid-19: How can Digital Transformations be measured across all sectors, especially the economy? What will replace existing business models with the Covid-19 outbreak? What will be the future economic and socio-cultural activities in the light of digitalization after the pandemic? How will education continue to be given to many people who should be at home? Will digital rights be truly protected with digitization processes? Many such questions are waiting to be resolved. Basically, the potential of digital technologies should be used. Systems, where citizens are protected and basic services, are provided easily from digital environment should be adopted. Economic, socio-cultural interactions should be supported in a way that is beneficial for the society. While giving priority to the use of technology, a policy that protects human rights should be adopted. All of these will be an important start at the point of solving the problems. Governments should carefully monitor international reports for the development of a reliable digital ecosystem. This will help ease the transition process.
Extended Abstract: Digital technologies play a key role in solving many problems. With the Covid-19 outbreak, working conditions, education, socialization, and interaction phenomena have changed. For this reason, it is necessary to examine the impact of the digital world mentioned in international reports. At this stage, literature review was used in the study. The digitalization reports published by the World Economic Forum (WEF), the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the European Union (EU), and the Council of Europe (EC) have been examined. Although the effects of digitalization in the reports are quite extensive, they are mainly gathered within the framework of economic, technological, and social impact. When the international reports are examined, it is seen that the economic impact is discussed with various topics such as the digital transformation of the labor market, international digital cooperation in the economic framework, the incentive of a digital ecosystem, and a sustainable growth. In terms of technological impacts, transparency and accountability, cybersecurity problems, technological responsibility, humanitarian control mechanism, are the subjects emphasized in the reports. In terms of social impact, it was observed that effective policies for digital life, digital education, e-information, were discussed. Finally, in terms of ethical approach, the social impact of privacy and data sharing, information and communication ethics, and digital justice are discussed. Digital transformation triggers massive data production and use. This situation draws the attention of institutions and especially international organizations. New approaches are needed to keep up with transformation. The emerging ideas focus on solving the digitalization effect. Especially in recent years, international reports have been published on the process of digitalization and its effects. In the reports, the change, development, and problems caused by digitalization are mainly discussed. These problems are discussed in the reports in the context of economy, technology, social impact, and ethical approach. Content analysis was carried out by considering the international reports mentioned. Content analysis is a categorization process performed within the framework of the basic assumptions of research. The most critical point in content analysis is that the assumptions about the categories are prepared in advance as a result of the researcher's knowledge. When the reports are examined, it is seen that the effects of digitalization are gathered in economic, technological, social, and ethical fields. For this reason, the items on digital life effects discussed in the reports were evaluated under four categories. It is aimed to determine the economic, technological, social effects, and ethical approaches of digitalization. The study also sought answers to some of the following questions: 1- What areas are the effects of digitalization in international reports? 2- Are there common points regarding the effects of digitalization in international reports? 3- Is a common digital ecosystem encouraged in international reports? 4- Are there any problems in the existence, implementation, and control of norms related to digital ethics in international reports? New technologies need to be designed to benefit the norms. Their use is seen as the main basis of the ethical approach. In this context, it has been tried to determine what social problems might be in the content of the reports before they actually appear. Considering the innovations brought about by technological changes, it is seen that the current order has not yet fully adapted to the digital transformation. The flow of information generated by digital technologies, a large number of online actions reveal many digital "footprints". Digital technologies are the basis for digital transformation in all sectors of economies and societies. Digital technologies, which play a key role in solving many problems, have raised certain questions with the Covid-19: How can Digital Transformations be measured across all sectors, especially the economy? What will replace existing business models with the Covid-19 outbreak? What will be the future economic and socio-cultural activities in the light of digitalization after the pandemic? How will education continue to be given to many people who should be at home? Will digital rights be truly protected with digitization processes? Many such questions are waiting to be resolved. Basically, the potential of digital technologies should be used. Systems, where citizens are protected and basic services, are provided easily from digital environment should be adopted. Economic, socio-cultural interactions should be supported in a way that is beneficial for the society. While giving priority to the use of technology, a policy that protects human rights should be adopted. All of these will be an important start at the point of solving the problems. Governments should carefully monitor international reports for the development of a reliable digital ecosystem. This will help ease the transition process.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Dijital Dünya, Dijital Yaşam, Dijital Etki, Dijital İletişim, Digital World, Digital Life, Digital Impact, Digital Communication
Kaynak
Intermedia Uluslararası Hakemli İletişim Bilimleri E-Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
8
Sayı
14
