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    Changes in Urban Density; Case of Istanbul's Massive Redeveloping Areas
    (YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIV, FAC ARCHITECTURE, 2019) Sonmez, Ozdemir
    Since the beginning of the year 2000, there have been significant changes under the name of "urban transformation" in Istanbul metropolitan area and on top of the demolished housing areas, high density structures are being built. Thus, the morphological structure of the city with its density texture changes significantly. While some people welcome this change for reasons such as "durable to earthquakes" and "modern architectures", by a group of architects and city planners, urban transformation is regarded as quite alarming due to such reasons as the high density, inadequate public facilities will become much more inadequate and the sun availability of surrounding structures. With this point of view, the study explores the changes in Istanbul, especially in residential areas, with the dimension of "density" and discusses how the general picture is and will be formed in terms of density of population and structure, which are some of the most significant factors determining the quality of life. In this respect, the aim is to question how "urban transformation" practices in Istanbul are differentiated from existing urban fabric and how new structure that will last for at least 6070 years have changed in terms of density and how the urban fabric evolved. In addition, in order to understand whether this change has similarities with other metropolitan cities, or how they are differentiated, the theoretical studies and other metropolitan cities' current data are reviewed and the definition of "urban density" and the theories that explain the concept of density in the planning literature are being discussed. In this direction, with the 6 selected sample projects to understand the density changes in the residential areas in Istanbul, the picture with the new projects developed in areas with high earthquake risks is examined comparatively.
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    Implementation Difficulties in the Planning of Istanbul Area: Experience of Kartal Transformation Project
    (Yildiz Technical Univ, Fac Architecture, 2018) Sonmez, Ozdemir
    Istanbul has grown in an uncontrolled way with unplanned and illegal buildings induced by industrialization and migration and turned into an 'overgrown' city that hosts a number of urban problems since 1950s. With a view to stopping this adverse development and ensuring planned and healthy development of and raising the living quality in the metropolitan city through planning actions, an Environmental Arrangement Plan of Istanbul was drawn up through a collaboration between the Istanbul Metropolitan Planning Centre (IMP) and the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) during 2005-2009. In order to attain the goals established in the plan, some projects were chosen and tried to be implemented. One of most important projects developed for the eastern side of Istanbul is the project for transformation of the industrial area in Kartal into a Central Business District (CBD). One objective of the project is to create a new centre in the eastern part of the metropolis and thus reduce the daily commutation between the eastern and the western parts of the city as well as the heavy traffic through the strait crossing. Another aim is to redirect the capital and construction pressure which is concentrated on the metropolis to the wings. In this paper, I, as a person who took part in the planning work as an executive and performer, basically intend to evaluate the competition for and the planning process of the Kartal urban transformation project that has been proposed in accordance with the aforesaid goal as established in the Istanbul environmental arrangement plan and to discuss the attitude of the professional organizations against the plan from the points of the public benefit, principles of urbanization, and principles of planning.