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    Earth Fault Protection Selectivity Issues on Reactance Earthed Distribution System
    (IEEE, 2022) Atsever, Mert Bekir; Karacasu, Ozgur; Hocaoglu, Mehmet Hakan
    Increase in power demand, green initiatives and regulatory requirements force system operators to adopt more complicated distribution system layout which are resulted in dissension from traditional distribution system practises. The main source of this complexity can be listed as; extensive application of embedded generation into distribution systems, different earthing practices, increasing percentage of underground cables and lastly, parallel feeders causing loop flows. One of the consequences of the increased complexity is malfunctioning in the protection systems namely; false tripping especially for the earth faults. Thus, conventional non-directional protection relays are, gradually, replaced with the directional ones in radial topology. However, directional protection is more expensive since requirement of additional measurement devices is imminent. Consequently, to facilitate cost effective protection system implementation, directional protection and non-directional protection performances should be investigated properly. Distribution system which earthed trough reactance may also suffer directional discrimination because of possibility of unintentional resonance between neutral reactor and cable capacitances. In this study, boundaries of directional and non-directional protections are investigated by taking into account neutral reactance, cable length and parallel feeder number. It is proposed that, a hybrid algorithm selection procedures based on system parameters should be undertaken for a successful and selective protection.
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    Performance Analysis of Different Optimization Algorithms on Overcurrent Relay Coordination Problem in Distribution Systems
    (IEEE, 2022) Atsever, Mert Bekir; Karacasu, Ozgur; Hocaoglu, Mehmet Hakan
    One of the main protection methods in distribution systems is over-current protection. Although, over-current protection offers economic solution to the operators; optimal over-current coordination must be established between relays in order to provide fast and selective protection. Thus, over-current relay coordination problem can be constructed as an optimization problem with number of constraints. Meta-heuristic optimization algorithms have widely been employed to obtain better solution. Many optimization algorithms have been conducted by various researchers. Also introduce recently developed optimization algorithms that are applied on over-current relay coordination problem first time in the literature. In this study, performance analysis of different optimization algorithms is carried out by using sample test cases from the literature. Also two recently developed optimization algorithms are applied on over-current relay coordination problem.