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Characteristics of building thermal insulation
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Şanver, Ufuk
In daily life, thermal insulation has become obligatory in all building to minimize energy consumption. The use of thermal insulation in buildings causes to reduce not only using air-condition systems but also energy cost. In order to decrease in lost heat of the buildings, researchers have investigated new materials which are economic, renewable and procurable. The aim of this paper is to prepare an overview of the principle of thermal insulation. Furthermore, the most commonly used thermal insulation materials were investigated. © 2018 IEEE.
Ecological dyeing technology of polyester fabric using glycerol
(ASTM International, 2021) Merdan, Nigar; Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda
Textile industry struggles with hazardous industrial effluents, water, and energy consumption for sustainability. In the present study, nontoxic glycerol was used as a dispersing agent with water in order to reduce the chemical consumption and eliminate the use of more water in polyester (polyethylene terephthalate [PET]) dyeing. Glycerol was added to dyeing bath at different concentrations, and disperse dyes were dispersed with using microwave radiation. PET fabric samples were dyed with glycerol using microwave radiation, and dyeing properties were compared with carrier dyeing method. After the dyeing process, spectrophotometric analysis, light, rubbing, and washing fastness of samples were analyzed. The experimental results show that glycerol is an ecological and organic substitution to carrier in PET dyeing. As a result, negative environmental impacts of the traditional PET dyeing method can be reduced using glycerol. Compared with traditional dyeing methods, dyeing with glycerol is a promising alternative for sustainability of the textile industry. Moreover, microwave radiation led to an increase in dye uptake, dyeing rate acceleration, energy, and time saving.
The effect of plasma treatment on the dyeability of silk fabric by using phytolacca decandra l. natural dye extract
(Ege Üniversitesi, 2016) Dayıoğlu, Habip; Merdan, Nigar; Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Kılınç, Mehmet; Kut, Dilek
The aim of this study is that plasma treatment effect on dyeability properties of silk fabric with natural dye is investigated. For this purpose, in this study, silk fabric was dyed by the conventional method with natural dye extracted from Phytolacca Decandra L. Before the dyeing process, the sericin on silk fabric was removed. After then, plasma treatment was applied the samples with using oxygen and nitrogen gas for 1, 5 and 10 minutes at low frequency. Furthermore, plasma treated samples were mordanted with potassium aluminum sulfate before the dyeing process. After the dyeing process, colour strength, colour fastness, surface properties, moisture absorption, chemical groups and tensile strength of the dyed samples were investigated. According to the results, the plasma treatment and mordanting process caused to improve the colour yields. The scanning electron microscope images showed that the plasma treatment causes microcracks on the surface of the silk fiber. After the plasma treatment, the hydrophility of samples increased. Moreover, plasma treatment creates microcracks on the silk fiber surface, resulting tensile strength decreases.
The examination of the effects of quercus aegilops extract used as natural mordant on colourfulness features of natural dyeing
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Akkaya, Meral; Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda
Ecological textiles or eco textiles means a recyclable product or a product that can be recycled into an environmentally harmless product which has been produced by paying regard to environment during all process steps from, which does not harm the user. Natural dyeing, which is of great importance in the textiles industry in terms of being economical and applicable, has a number of advantages thanks to its features such as health, ecological cycle and providing biological availability. With the use of natural mordant as a binder during dyeing both dyeing and mordant become important for environmentally friendly processes. This study examines the usability of natural dye extract obtained from Helichrysum Arenarium, which has a wide range around the world, and Quercus Aegilops natural mordant in dyeing of Karabuk Eflani cloth, a regional weaving. Eflani cloth is made from 100% cotton staple. In this study Eflani cloth woven from 100% cotton yarn with Helichrysum Arenarium was dyed with 5 different concentrations of natural mordant. L? - a? - b? - values of the samples of dyed cotton cloth were measured and compared using CIE L? - a? - b? - colour space system. Also, lightfastness and washing features of dyeing were examined. Colour scale was darker and more vivid in dyeing made with Quercus Aegilops natural mordant compared to dyeing made without mordant. © 2016 IEEE.
Gundelia Tournefortii ve Ornithogalum Arabicum bitkilerinden elde edilen doğal boya ile yün kumaşın boyanması
(İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, 2024) Merdan, Nigar; Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda
Sentetik boyaların keşfinden sonra, tekstil malzemelerinin boyanmasında doğal boyaların kullanımı büyük ölçüde azalmıştır. Günümüzde sentetik boyaların aşırı kullanımı, üretim ve uygulamalarında çevreye çok miktarda atık ve fikse olmamış boyarmadde vermesine neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca sentetik boyaların ciddi sağlık tehlikeleri ve doğanın eko-dengesini bozması, araştırmacıları günümüzde tekstil malzemelerinin boyanmasında doğal boyaların kullanımına ait çalışmalara yöneltmiştir. Bu çalışmada yapılarında flavonoid ve antrakinon içeren kenger (Gundelia tournefortii) ve soryaz (Ornithogalum arabicum) bitkileri yünün boyanmasında doğal boya kaynağı olarak kullanılmıştır. Boyama işleminden önce yün kumaş numuneleri potasyum alüminyum sülfat, sitrik asit, askorbik asit, kalay klorür ve demir II sülfat olmak üzere beş farklı mordan maddesi ile mordanlanmıştır. Uygulamalardaki beş farklı mordan maddesinin, boyamaların CIELab değerleri, renk kuvvetleri (K/S), sürtme ve yıkama haslık özelliklerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre mordan cinsi numunelerin renk ve haslık özellikleri üzerinde etkilidir. Ayrıca mordanlama işleminden sonra numunelerin haslık özellikleri iyileşmiştir. Sürdürülebilir ve ekolojik olan kenger ve soryaz bitkilerinden elde edilen doğal boyarmadde tekstil malzemelerinin boyanmasında sentetik boyarmaddelere ikame olarak kullanılabilir.
Improvement of thermal insulation properties of polyester nonwoven and estimation of thermal conductivity coefficients using artificial neural network
(ASTM International, 2019) Eyüpoğlu, Can; Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Merdan, Nigar
In this study, polyester, i.e., Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nonwoven fabric, was coated with white tuff, perlite, and volcanic stone powder at rates of 10, 20, 30 and 40 % so as to increase the thermal insulation properties of PET nonwoven fabric. In order to apply white tuff, perlite, and volcanic stone powder to PET nonwoven fabric, polyurethane-based coating material was used as a cross-linking agent. The porosity and thermal conductivity coefficients of samples were then investigated as regards the type and concentration of stone powder. Furthermore, three-layer feed-forward artificial neural network (3FFNN) was used to estimate and verify the accuracy of the thermal conductivity coefficient of PET nonwovens coated with white tuff, perlite, and volcanic stone powder. The results showed that perlite stone powder provided higher thermal insulation compared to white tuff and volcanic stone powder. Moreover, thermal insulation coefficient of samples increased with the rise in concentration of white tuff, perlite, and volcanic stone powder. Besides, the accuracy of 3FFNN was 99 %. Artificial neural network (ANN)-based results showed that the thermal conductivity coefficients of samples with four different concentrations obtained from white tuff, perlite, and volcanic stone powder were almost the same for experimental and ANN-trained models. According to the results, it was seen that 3FFNN was correctly modeled, and the prediction of the thermal conductivity coefficients was successfully realized. Copyright © 2019 by ASTM International,
The investigation of air, heat and sound permeability of perlite coated nonwoven fabrics with different weights
(Istec, 2017) Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Dayıoğlu, Habip; Merdan, Nigar; Kılınç, Mehmet
In this study, polyester (PET) nonwoven fabrics with different weights were coated with perlite stone powder with particle sizes between 210-590 ?m. Before coating procedure, water repellency treatment was applied to the samples and then the same amount of polyurethane base coating with perlite stone powder was applied on the nonwoven samples. After coating, the samples were cured at 100°C for 10 minutes. Finally, air, heat, and sound permeability of samples were investigated with regards to the weight of samples. According to the results, the increase in weight of samples caused to improve air permeability and acoustic insulation of samples. Furthermore, the decrease in weight of samples caused to decrease in the thermal conductivity coefficient of samples.
The investigation of air, heat and sound permeability of perlite coated nonwoven fabrics with different weights
(Tojsat, 2018) Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Dayıoğlu, Habip; Merdan, Nigar; Kılınç, Mehmet
In this study, polyester (PET) nonwoven fabrics with different weights were coated with perlite stone powder with particle sizes between 210-590 ?m. Before coating procedure, water repellency treatment was applied to the samples and then the same amount of polyurethane base coating with perlite stone powder was applied on the nonwoven samples. After coating, the samples were cured at 100°C for 10 minutes. Finally, air, heat, and sound permeability of samples were investigated with regards to the weight of samples. According to the results, the increase in weight of samples caused to improve air permeability and acoustic insulation of samples. Furthermore, the decrease in weight of samples caused to decrease in the thermal conductivity coefficient of samples.
Investigation of single and multi-layer nonwovens thermal insulation and air permeability behaviors
(Tojsat, 2017) Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Merdan, Nigar; Dayıoğlu, Habip; Kılınç, Mehmet
Textile materials have potential importance for an alternative use on thermal insulation as their porous and fibrous structure. In this study, thermal insulation and air permeability of multi-layer nonwovens with 120, 180 and 500 g/m2 forming single and double layer were investigated. Moreover, thermal insulation and air permeability of triple-layer and four-layer nonwovens with the weight of 180 g/m2 were analyzed. It was found that the single layer nonwovens give better thermal insulation properties than the multi-layer nonwovens. Furthermore, the increase of weight of nonwovens causes to increase in thermal conductivity coefficients. According to the air permeability measurements, the results show that the air permeability of samples decreases with the increase of weight of samples and number of layer
Investigation of the bee-repellent properties of cotton fabrics treated with microencapsulated essential oils
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2019) Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Kut, Dilek; Girişgin, Ahmet Ongun; Eyüpoğlu, Can; Özüiçli, Mehmet; Dayıoğlu, Habip; Aydın, Levent
In this study, to produce single-use bee-repellent fabrics, a variety of essential oils were encapsulated with gum arabic wall material at a 1:5 ratio of wall to the core substance. The following core substances were used: lavender oil, laurel oil, fennel oil, N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), lavender + laurel oil, lavender + fennel oil, laurel + fennel oil, lavender + fennel + laurel oil, lavender oil + DEET, fennel oil + DEET and laurel oil + DEET. Lavender, fennel and laurel oils were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. In this context, 11 different microcapsules were produced. After the microencapsulation process, the microcapsules were analyzed with a light microscope and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, an image processing application was developed and implemented to determine the particle size distribution of the microcapsules. After the analysis of the microcapsules, cotton fabric samples were treated with the microcapsules. In order to analyze the microcapsules on the fabric samples, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. To analyze the bee-repellent abilities of the fabric samples, 12 different measurement cabinets made of pine tree and glass were produced. According to the results, lavender and fennel oils can be used as bee-repellent alternatives to DEET in beekeeping. © The Author(s) 2018.
Investigation of the effect of enzymatic and alkali treatments on the physico-chemical properties of Sambucus ebulus l. plant fiber
(Elsevier, 2024) Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Eyüpoğlu, Can; Merdan, Nigar
he investigation aims to determine the effect of enzymatic and alkali treatments on Sambucus ebulus L. stem fiber. For this purpose, Sambucus ebulus L. stem fibers were treated with alkali, cellulase, and pectinase enzymes. An image processing technique was developed and implemented to calculate the average thicknesses of Sambucus ebulus L. fibers. The thickness of alkali, cellulase and pectinase enzyme treated fibers was determined as 478.62??m, 808.28??m and 478.20??m, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis illustrated that enzymatic and alkali treatments lead to the breakage of fiber structure. Furthermore, enzymatic and alkali treatments induce variations in elemental ingredients. All treatments increased the crystallinity index of Sambucus ebulus L. fiber from 72?% (raw fiber) to 83?% (alkali treated), 75.2?% (cellulase enzyme treated) and 86.3?% (pectinase enzyme treated) due to the hydrolysis of hemicellulose. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that there are no significant differences in functional groups. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that enzymatic and alkali treatments improve final degradation temperature of the fiber. Mechanical behaviors of cellulase enzyme-treated fiber decrease compared to raw fiber, while pectinase enzyme and alkali treatment cause to improve mechanical properties. Tensile strength of samples was determined as 76.4?MPa (cellulase enzyme treated fiber), 210?MPa (pectinase enzyme treated fiber) and 240?MPa (alkali treated fiber). Young's modules of cellulase enzyme, pectinase enzyme and alkali treated fibers were predicted as 5.5?GPa, 13.1?GPa and 16.6?GPa. Elongation at break of samples was calculated as 5.5?% (cellulase enzyme treated fiber), 6.5?% (pectinase enzyme treated fiber) and 6?% (alkali treated fiber). The results suggest that enzymatic and alkali treatments can modify the functional and structural attributes of Sambucus ebulus L. fiber.
Investigation of thermal properties of different particle size perlite coated polyester nonwoven
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Kılınç Mehmet; Merdan, Nigar; Dayıoğlu, Habip
Perlite is used several applications on building construction for heat and sound insulation, on agriculture and greenhouse for Alter purposes. The aim of this study is to investigate the usability of perlite coated polyester fabric to see the thermal insulation applications. Polyester nonwoven with 180g/m2 weight was coated with four different particle size perlite stone powders. The expanded perlite grinded into small particle size and then sifted to obtain 600-1200 ?m, 210-590?m, 120-170?m and 0-120?m sized perlite powder. The amount of perlite powder was the same for all samples used on this study. Before coating process the polyester nonwoven was applied to water repellency treatment and then polyurethane based coating material was applied onto samples together with perlite powder. After coating process the samples were processed at 100°C for 10 mins. As a result, it was observed that the thermal coefficient increases with decreasing particle size of perlite. One of the major purpose of this study is to reduce the greenhouse gases such as CO2 emission leading to cause low heating sources on habitants. © 2016 IEEE.
Meşe palamudundan elde edilen doğal boyarmadde ile pamuk kumaşın boyanmasına farklı mordan maddelerin etkisinin araştırılması
(İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, 2023) Merdan, Nigar; Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda
Bu çalışmada meşe palamudundan elde edilen doğal boyarmadde ile pamuk kumaş numuneleri farklı mordan maddelerle ön-mordanlama işlemine tabi tutularak konvansiyonel yöntem ile boyanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında mordan maddesi olarak kalay klorür (SnCl?), demir III klorür (FeCl3), potasyum alüminyum sülfat (KAl(SO?)?·12H?O), potasyum alüminyum sülfat + demir III klorür, ve potasyum alüminyum sülfat + demir III klorür + askorbik asit (C6H8O6) kullanılmış, ve bu mordan maddelerin boyamaların renk ve haslık özelliklerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Farklı mordan maddelerin kullanımı ile numunelerde farklı renkler elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca mordan madde çeşidinin numunelerin yıkama, sürtme ve ışık haslığı değerleri üzerinde çok etkili olmadığı ve numunelerin haslık değerlerinin yüksek olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, meşe palamudundan elde edilen sürdürülebilir, ekolojik ve toksin olmayan doğal boyarmadde, tekstil malzemelerinin boyanmasında sentetik boyalara alternatif olarak kullanılabilir.
Mikrokapsülasyon teknolojisi ve tekstil sektöründe kullanımı
(İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, 2016) Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Kut, Dilek
Ülkemizde uzun zamandır tekstil endüstrisi lider konumdadır. Ancak son yıllarda Asya ülkelerindeki düşük maliyetli üretim sonucu elde edilen düşük fiyatlı ürünler ülkemiz tekstil sektörünün yeni arayışlara yönelmesine neden olmuştur. Konvansiyonel tekstil materyali üretimine karşılık fonksiyonel tekstil materyali üretimi çalışmaları hız kazanmıştır. Fonksiyonel tekstil materyali üretiminde mikrokapsül uygulamaları özellikle sağladığı fonksiyonellik ve uzun süreli etki açısından diğer metotlardan bir adım öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada mikrokapsüllasyon teknolojisi ele alınmış ve mikrokapsül teknolojisi ile elde edilen fonksiyonel tekstil ürünleri araştırılmıştır.
Pamuklu Kumaşın Bazı Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri Üzerine Enzimatik Muamele Etkisinin Araştırılması
(2020) Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Merdan, Nigar
Tekstil endüstrisinde, pamuklu kumaşların yüzeyindeki havları uzaklaştırmak için alazlama (yakma) işlemi yapılmaktadır. Son yıllarda pamuklu kumaşlara alazlama yerine enzimatik hav giderme işlemi uygulanmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada enzimatik işlem uygulanmış pamuklu kumaşların özellikleri incelenmiştir. Enzimatik işlem numunelere boyamadan önce, boyama esnasında ve boyama işleminden sonra uygulanmıştır. Selülaz enzimi uygulanmış numunelere, enzimatik işlemden sonra klasik ve ultrasonik enerji yöntemi ile yıkamalar yapılmıştır. Ardından çalışmada kullanılan kumaşların beyazlık dereceleri, renk ölçümleri, yıkama, sürtünme, ter ve ışık haslığı ve boncuklanma özellikleri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, enzimatik işlem uygulanması ile birlikte numunelerin özelliklerinde iyileşmeler görülmüştür. Yıkamalarda ultrasonik enerjinin kullanımı ile enerji tasarrufu sağlanmıştır.
Physico-chemical characterization of Sambucus ebulus L. plant stem fiber
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Eyüpoğlu, Can; Merdan, Nigar
This study aims to obtain a sustainable substitute for man-made fibers using Sambucus ebulus L. as a reinforcement in the polymer composites. With this purpose, an extensive characterization of Sambucus ebulus L. stem fiber was performed. The chemical composition was obtained approximately as 76 wt.% cellulose, 66 wt.% hemicellulose, and 4.47 wt.% lignin. Scanning electron microscope analysis proved that the fibers are nonuniform and have rough surface along the length. The elemental composition was found as 58.67% carbon and 40.34% oxygen with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Furthermore, the fiber diameter was estimated as 759.41 µm with image processing from scanning electron microscope graphs of fibers. X-ray diffraction analysis verified the existence of crystalline cellulose having 72% crystalline index with 3.9 nm crystalline size. Functional groups of the fiber were determined with Fourier transform infrared analysis. A single fiber tensile test found out that the fibers have the mean tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus of 90.6 MPa, 6.45%, and 1.46 GPa, respectively. Moreover, the obtained fibers are thermally durable to 456.98 °C with thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that Sambucus ebulus L. stem fibers have the comparable properties to other natural cellulosic fibers. It is suggested to use Sambucus ebulus L. stem fiber in composites as reinforcement to substitute for man-made fibers.
Physicochemical properties of new plant based fiber from lavender stem
(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Merdan, Nigar
In this study, novel cellulosic fiber was obtained from Lavandula spp. (lavender) plant stem. The physico-chemical, morphological, thermal, and mechanical behaviors of lavender fibers were characterized. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis result of lavender shows that the fibers comprise of carbon (52.79%), oxygen (47.14%), and calcium (0.07%). Fourier transform-infrared analysis revealed that lavender fibers consist of cellulose and X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that lavender fiber has 65% crystallinity index. The thermogravimetric analysis shows that the lavender fibers are stable to 362.99°C. Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break of single fiber were obtained from the tensile test as 7.68–4.82 GPa, 226.65 MPa, and 2.94– 4.69%, respectively.
Use of fibrous materials in acoustic insulation applications
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Şanver, Ufuk; Eyüpoğlu, Can
In daily life, human beings are exposed to disturbing environmental effects. Sound pollution is one of the most disturbing environmental effects for human. In recent years, researchers have evidenced that sound pollution affects human psychology and health negatively. In order to avoid negative effects of sound pollution, a variety of materials providing acoustic insulation are produced commercially. Furthermore, acoustic insulation properties of new materials have been investigated. Use of fibrous materials in acoustic insulation applications has been researched since fibrous materials are economic, light and they have high physical properties. In addition, porous structure of fibrous materials is an advantage to use these materials in acoustic insulation applications. © 2017 IEEE.
Vitamin E loaded fabrics as cosmetotextile products: Formulation and characterization
(Ege Universitesi, 2018) Omeroğulları Başyiğit, Zeynep; Kut, Dilek; Yenilmez, Evrim; Eyüpoğlu, Şeyda; Hocaoğlu, Emel; Yazan, Yasemin
Skin fights constantly during the day to be saved from free radicals caused by UV rays and pollution. However, skin cells repair damage and restore complexion during sleep. Enhancement of repair and restoration can be achieved more effectively by the cosmetic products such as antioxidants applied during night. In this study, functional fabrics were prepared for single-use which are impregnated with three different delivery systems containing Vitamin E, the mostly known antioxidant ingredient. Comparison of Vitamin E release from microcapsule, microemulsion and solid lipid nanoparticle systems embedded in polypropylene fabrics (PP) was aimed in this study. Final purpose of preparing a cosmetotextile for ocular area was to obtain prolonged activity of Vitamin E. Following particle size measurement and scanning electron microscopic analyses of all delivery systems prepared, systems embedded in polypropylene nonwoven fabrics were tested for Vitamin E meant to be released over time. According to the results obtained, Vitamin E was found to be successfully incorporated into all three delivery systems and release of Vitamin E was determined to be prolonged best by solid lipid nanoparticles. © 2018 Ege Universitesi. All rights reserved.

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