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Öğe Benchmarking environmental impacts of power groups used in a designed UAV: Hybrid hydrogen fuel cell system versus lithium-polymer battery drive system(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Çalışır, Duran; Ekici, Selçuk; Midilli, Adnan; Karakoç, T. HikmetThis study investigates the environmental impacts of using two different power groups in a fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The first power group consists of a conventional electric motor, a lithium polymer battery and a propeller. The second power group is the hybrid power group formed by adding the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The life cycle assessment (LCA) method is applied to the configurations to reveal environmental impact values (global warming, terrestrial ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification, eutrophication and so on). Inventory and impact analysis calculations are performed using SimaPro 9.1 software. Ecoinvent 3.6 database is employed in this software. The environmental impact assessment is made according to CML-IA Baseline and ReCiPe method. In addition, the research involves hotspot analyses for both power group configurations. Consequently, the following is noticed as a result of a transition from lithium-polymer power group to hybrid hydrogen fuel cell system; (i) the global warming reduces by 6.95%, (ii) the terrestrial ecotoxicity reduces by 6.35%, (iii) the photochemical oxidation decreases by 1.23%, and (iv) the ozone layer depletion increases by 12.44%. These days when environmental problems stand out, the effects of UAVs hybridized with fuel cells, known as a clean energy source, related with environmental problems reflect the principal of this research.Öğe A comprehensive review of state-of-art FishBAC - fishbone active camber morphing wing surfaces-: A promising morphing method(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2024) Özbek, Emre; Ekici, Selçuk; Karakoç, Tahir HikmetPurposeThe current research conducts a comprehensive review on FishBAC (fishbone active camber morphing wing surfaces) for researchers and scientists and sheds light on challenges and opportunities of FishBAC development. Design/methodology/approachThis is a review article and this study reviews previous research on FishBAC.FindingsThe current FishBAC applications could be upgraded into more efficient designs in materials, design and mechanisms with more perspectives involved. Then, this promising branch of morphing surface design could be integrated with rotor blades, unmanned aerial vehicle wings, general aviation aircraft surfaces and so on.Research limitations/implications. This is a review article.Practical implicationsThe contributions of the study are summarized as follows: to provide an overview of FishBAC research; to compare various approaches and trends in FishBAC designs; to address the research gap in the roadmap for FishBAC design; and to discuss the challenges and opportunities of FishBAC development. Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first review on a promising morphing method and an alternative for conventional flaps and ailerons.Öğe Cruise altitude patterns for minimizing fuel consumption and emission: A detailed analysis of five prominent aircraft(Elsevier, 2024) Ekici, Selçuk; Ayar, Murat; Orhan, İlkay; Karakoç, Tahir HikmetThis study conducts a comprehensive analysis of fuel consumption and emissions associated with the installation of the most commonly used engine combinations currently available on five distinct types of BADA 4 (Base of Aircraft Data), ANP (Aircraft Noise and Performance), and AEM (Advanced Emissions Model) aircraft supplied by two distinct aircraft manufacturers to the civil air transport sector. The comparison spans a total of 18 flight scenarios (90 flights) for each aircraft, ranging in altitude from FL300 to FL385. To achieve this, the research employs a comprehensive approach encompassing data acquisition from EUROCONTROL’s Integrated Aircraft Noise and Emissions Modelling Platform (IMPACT), robust data analysis, and advanced statistical techniques. The goal of this study is to investigate variations in fuel consumption and emissions at different cruising altitudes for various commercial aircraft types, assessing the veracity of the commonly assumed decrease in fuel consumption and associated emissions with altitude, and exploring the impact of individual aircraft assessments on the precision and comprehensiveness of environmental impact assessments in civil aviation flight operations. The work seeks to answer the following the main research question: Does every aircraft’s fuel consumption and related emissions truly decrease with increasing altitude, according to conventional methodologies and general assumptions?Öğe Design and analysis of an IoT enabled unmanned aerial vehicle to monitor carbon monoxide: Methodology and application(Inderscience Publishers, 2023) Küçükkör, Özge; Aras, Orhan; Özbek, Emre; Ekici, Selçuk; Karakoç, T. HikmetSciVal Topics Metrics Abstract Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are efficient platforms for the inspection and detection of hazardous particle emission locations in terms of cost and ability to reach challenging areas. In this study, a custom quadcopter UAV with metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) type carbon monoxide (CO) sensor and data acquisition module is designed to detect and measure CO pollution over industrial sites and urban areas. Unlike similar studies, a rope hanging design is used for sensor extension and collected data transmitted to the cloud using internet of things (IoT) technology. Flight tests are conducted to collect measurements over an area with a controlled fire to replicate industrial chimneys. CO readings on 26 data points result in between 0 and 4 PPM concerning their distance to the pollution zone. Therefore, a heatmap is created using real-time GPS locations and measured CO concentrations. Challenges in this operation are explained to guide future researchers and entrepreneurs.Öğe Editorial of VSI IGEC 2023(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Karakoç, Tahir Hikmet; Yu, Zhibin; Ekici, Selçuk; Zhao, Jian[No abstract available]Öğe Past and current components-based detailing of particle image velocimetry: A comprehensive review(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Rohacs, Daniel; Yaşar, Onur; Kale, Utku; Ekici, Selçuk; Yalçın, Enver; Midilli, Adnan; Karakoç, T. HikmetParticle image velocimetry has been widely used in various sectors from the automotive to aviation, research, and development, energy, medical, turbines, reactors, electronics, education, refrigeration for flow characterization and investigation. In this study, articles examined in open literature containing the particle image velocimetry techniques are reviewed in terms of components, lasers, cameras, lenses, tracers, computers, synchronizers, and seeders. The results of the evaluation are categorized and explained within the tables and figures. It is anticipated that this paper will be a starting point for researchers willing to study in this area and industrial companies willing to include PIV experimenting in their portfolios. In addition, the study shows in detail the advantages and disadvantages of past and current technologies, which technologies in existing PIV laboratories can be renewed, and which components are used in the PIV laboratories to be installed.Öğe Past and current components-based detailing of particle image velocimetry: A comprehensive review (vol 9, e14404, 2023)(Cell Press, 2023) Rohacs, Daniel; Yaşar, Onur; Kale, Utku; Ekici, Selçuk; Yalçın, Enver; Midilli, Adnan; Karakoç, Tahir Hikmet[Abstract Not Available]
