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    Assessing Imageability of Port Cities Through the Visibility of Public Spaces: The Cases of Famagusta and Limassol
    (Sage, 2020) Özgece, Nezire; Edgü, Erincik; Ayıran, Nezih
    Characteristics of port cities are significantly different than inland cities since they have a spatial relation with water. Waterfronts, main urban squares, and major streets are specified as the predominant components affecting socio-spatial configurations. The research assumes that the imageability of port cities, which refers to “port city identity” in this research, is associated with the visibility of these key public spaces. The port cities of Famagusta and Limassol—the current major port cities of divided Cyprus—were selected to be evaluated on the specified public spaces to reveal this association. The specified spaces are scrutinized through both the space syntax methodology and landuse and movement patterns in relation to visibility parameters. The results show that Limassol is more successful than Famagusta in terms of imageability, as it presents higher spatial and social visibility of public spaces, which also strengthens its port city identity.
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    Isometric measurands on perceived spaciousness: Exploring volumetric isovist
    (Beijing JiaoTong University, 2019) Ünlü, Alper; Edgü, Erincik; Şalgamcıoğlu, Mehmet Emin; Çanakçıoğlu, N. Gül; Yılmaz, Emir Atakan
    The isovists are essential hypothetical structures for understanding the visibility in space. Regarding the perception of space, volumetric visibility presents a complicated geometrical volume that may be considered as a polyhedron obtained from the optical arrays of the vantage point. Despite the stated importance of volume, the preference for two-dimensional approach was later emphasized to be highly pragmatic by the prominent researchers of the field considering the non-applicable and complex data analysis of isovist radials and accordingly the polyhedron structure within a three dimensional medium. Through an experimental case study, the research explores the extension of syntactic and semantic parameters of visual perception and helps to understand the dynamic nature of the volumetric visibility. Research uses semantic and syntactic data analyses based on the fixed vantage points in a medium to expose the differences in the spatial experience of users. Syntactic data obtained from a modified real environment, and semantic data obtained from the vantage point scenes derived from this environment are correlated. The research is based on four founding subjects of study, which are considered as the main factors in understanding the perception of spaciousness and openness. These factors are defined as isovist parameters, graph parameters, radial data parameters, and volumetric parameters. The selected environment of the case study is a part of a university building. For this study, ground and first floors are abstracted and simplified in the experiment’s virtual environment. Selected 16 vantage points from two floors had diverse variations in width, length and height, which are likely to cause different perceived spaciousness levels. Semantic evaluation is examined through an experimental research with 90 students from two different universities. The participants are asked to evaluate the feeling of spaciousness and openness in the virtual medium of 16 vantage points on a 5-point Likert type scale questionnaire. The last step of the methodology is composed of multiple regression analyses showing the effects of syntactic and spatial determinants of the virtual scenes and one-way-ANOVA analyses showing the effects of spatial experiences related to familiarity and educational background of the sample groups. Results of the research indicated that isovist area is highly correlated with spaciousness, meaning that wider spaces are perceived as more spacious. Higher connectivity values, having more possibility of expansions, lead to an idea of perceptual spaciousness. Volumetric visibility indicates that perception of spaciousness is directly related to the z-dimension. The amount of natural light in space has a positive effect on the participants’ semantic evaluations. The infinity value increases the amount of natural light, giving a feeling of wideness and providing a visual access to beyond. Previous experiences of students, familiarity with the space and educational background are highly effective on the perception of openness. In this research the psychological outcomes of visual perception through concepts of spaciousness and openness with three dimensional geometry of visibility are combined. By the help of novel methods of calculating volume, natural light and infinity values, the research presents a quantifiable data of comparison of semantic assessments with syntactic ones. © 2019 Beijing JiaoTong University. All rights reserved.
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    Social interaction in circulation spaces of elderly care institutions
    (Instituto Superior Tecnico, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Georrecursos, 2017) Akan, Esra; Ünlü, Alper; Edgü, Erincik
    The world is getting older; according to the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) in 2050 the expected population of people over 60 is estimated reach around two billion. Both because of the aging population and the changing family compositions, in today's society elderly care institutions have become the preferred living spaces. Therefore it is pertinent that the relationship between spatial configuration and socio-behavioural patterns of the elderly be examined and clarified for the benefit of users and future designs of such institutions. According to Lawton and Nahemow's Ecological Theory of Adaptation and Aging (1973), interactions between behavioural and perceptual responses of users in a spatial configuration play a crucial role in the formation of the environment. The physical configuration can be transformed into a new setting, where the hard programmed circulation spaces gain fluidity enabling a softer medium. As a part of a dissertation, it has been previously observed that circulation spaces are among these softer environments where users may change the functional layout according to their preferences. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the social interaction of residents in the circulation spaces of two elderly care institutions. The case study has been conducted with a total of sixty elderly users, where their behavioural modes and usage frequencies are observed along with the collection of their socio-demographic data by face to face interviews. Outcomes of the behavioural and syntactic data are analysed and compared through simple regression correlations. Consequently, it is seen that two different spatial configurations have both adaptive and non-adaptive determinants on the spatial behaviour. For example, in one institution, social interaction needs of the residents have led them to transform circulation spaces into social gathering areas, where socio-petal functional usage frequency complies with syntactic outcomes. On the other hand, the second institution strictly follows the rules of predesigned functions even though syntactic outcomes point out deeper spaces. These results imply that different spatial configurations have different effects on the behaviour and perceptions of the elderly, which can be transferred into future investments and designs of care institutions to ensure the comfort of this age group.