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    The Cross Ignorance Approach Can End the Conflict Between Scientists and Journalists and Contribute to the Public Understanding of Science Efforts
    (International Balkan University, 2020) Yeşil, Muhacir Murat; Bulduklu, Yasin
    In the early 1960s, first in the USA and Britain and then in many countries, the debates initiated by scientists that the public's interest in scientific developments is gradually decreasing, the sense of trust in scientists is also weakening, which will endanger the future of the countries, has started to be influential in the world of science and politics. When the surveys conducted at that time began to confirm these concerns, it raised the question of how to find a solution to this problem. This issue has attracted the attention of almost every segment of society from academics to politicians. The concerns that the public is less and less interested in the developments in science and technology, that their trust in scientists is decreasing, and that this endangers the future of the countries, was expressed by scientists for the first time, and this problem started to be discussed in the context of science and politics. In the 1980s, some social scientists developed the "deficit model", in other words the "knowledge deficit" model, to help to solve this problem. The Knowledge Deficit model is based on the assumptions that the public is unaware of the basic scientific facts, therefore exhibits negative attitudes towards science and some scientific applications, they distrust scientists, and if the basic scientific facts are taught to the public, they will develop attitudes that support science and scientific practices, and will start to trust scientists. In this study, the Cross Ignorance approach, which examines the assumptions on which the Knowledge Deficit model is based, in terms of different variables is proposed. The Knowledge Deficit model, which asserts that there is an information gap in the public and that if this gap is filled, attitudes will develop in the public to support scientific developments and scientists, has not considered the possibility that there may be an information gap in scientists and journalists who are are expected to play an important role in filling the supposed information gap in the public. This paper proposes the Cross Ignorance approach, which claims to contribute to developing attitudes in the public to support science and to build trust in scientists. The Cross Ignorance approach looks at this issue from a different perspective than the Knowledge Deficit model does. The Cross Ignorance approach is important in terms of proposing a different perspective to researchers, which can contribute to the elimination of the scientist-journalist conflict, and ultimately to Public Understanding of Science efforts.
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    Media, sports and entertainment industry in the post-pandemic period
    (Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, 2020) Bulduklu, Yasin; Yeşil, Muhacir Murat
    Media, entertainment and sports sectors affect economic systems and other sectors due to their relationship with other sectors; are areas that concern everyone in the social life, far or closely. The fact that the COVID-19 outbreak, which was on the agenda of the world at the end of 2019 and was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization due to its alarming spread on March 11, 2020, is closely related to this social interest. Right after the declaration of a pandemic because of the symbiotic nature of the sector, in accordance with the decisions taken in the world and in Turkey, entertainment venues closed, media content industry crisis emerged, individual and collective sporting events is prohibited. Prohibitions have revealed short, medium and long-term negativities on each sector, and technological convergence and increased digitalization have enabled these sectors to breathe partially through alternative practices. The process also has the potential to reveal opportunities and threats in the long run. The pandemic situation created a new paradigm in media use and entertainment, and even rituals of religious and cultural origin, such as holidays, have kept up with this change. Digitalization, which received the most criticism in academic life and practice, became more involved in life after the COVID-19 outbreak; It stands out with its potential to be the most effective medium of entertainment and sports. This study aimed to describe what happened in the process of the pandemic in the world and in Turkey, the status of the entertainment and sports industry are analyzed in the context of literature and sectoral data and projections for the future are put forward. In the study, the media and entertainment sector are handled under the same heading with their different dimensions, the interaction of the sectors and their increasing convergence are emphasized.