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Another look at the nexus between economic growth trajectory and emission within the context of developing country: fresh insights from a nonparametric causality-in-quantiles test
(SPRINGER, 2022) Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday; Bekun, Festus Victor; Rjoub, Husam; Agboola, Mary Oluwatoyin; Agyekum, Ephraim Bonah; Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi
Achieving environmental sustainability has become a global concern amidst increasing climate change threat. Using quarterly frequency data for the case of Russia from 1992 to 2018, the present study explores the interaction between disaggregated energy consumption (renewable energy and non-renewable energy), trade flow and economic growth on a broader measure for environmental degradation (ecological footprint). The choice of the variables draws strength from initiative of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDG, 7, 8 11 and 13) for responsible energy consumption and clean energy consumption while mitigating climate change issues. The study applied the quantile-on-quantile regression (QQR) and nonparametric causality-in-quantiles to capture these associations. The outcomes from the QQR disclosed that in the majority of the quantiles, trade openness and renewable energy use contribute to environmental sustainability, while nonrenewable energy amplifies ecological footprint. Furthermore, growth in Russia escalates its ecological footprint. Moreover, in the majority of the quantiles, all the exogenous variables can predict ecological footprint. Given the outcomes of this study, it outlines the need for a paradigm shift for alternative and clean energy consumption in Russian energy mix amidst its economic growth trajectory while accounting for green-development approaches. Pathways to fully achieve the sustainability targets are carefully outlined in the concluding section.
Beyond the Environmental Kuznets Curve in South Asian economies: accounting for the combined effect of information and communication technology, human development and urbanization
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi; Agozie, Divine Q.; Bekun, Festus Victor; Köksal, Cihat
The aim of this study is to investigate the role of information and communication technology (ICT) and human capital development on environmental degradation (CO2) using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework in line with the 21st Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP21). Five South Asian countries namely: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka were considered in the context of the present study between the annual time period of 1990 to 2016. Pedroni cointegration test and Kao’s residual cointegration test are used to assess long term relationship while Dumitrescu and Harlin (Econ Model 29:1450–1460, 2012) is used to test causality relationship between the variables. Empirical findings from the study showed significant effects of ICT import, renewable energy usage and human development decrease CO2 levels while ICT export and urbanization increase carbon emission levels in the long run. Furthermore, a significantly positive association is observed between economic growth and CO2 emission while the square of national income exerts a significantly negative effect on environmental degradation, which supports the EKC for the South Asian states. From a practical implication context, policymakers should not only concentrate on their economic growth trajectory improvement but also enhance the improvement of their ICT infrastructure, invest more in renewable energy sources, follow policies that would help the countries to raise human development standards, as well as consciousness for environmental sustainability should be pursued.
Can technological innovation, foreign direct investment and natural resources ease some burden for the BRICS economies within current industrial era?
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi; Agozie, Divine Q.; Bekun, Festus Victor
Economic advancement has tended to affect the processes of industrialization, which has increased the value of exploited natural resources via the application of technology. Intensive use of natural resources via total reserves, technological innovation, foreign direct investment (FDI), and renewable energy can have an impact on the environment. Considering this, the present study investigates the nexus between industrialization, total reserves, inflows of FDI, technical innovation, renewable and natural resources, and CO2 emissions in the case of BRICS. To this end, annual frequency data for BRICS from 1990 to 2019 are employed in panel framework. The study employs a battery of econometric techniques, namely the Augmented Mean Group (AMG), Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG), and Driscoll-Kraay estimators to explore the underlined relationship. The cointegration results based on Westerlund, J. (2007) show that there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between the study outlined variables over the investigated period. From the empirical analysis, technological innovation and renewable energy both reduce CO2 emissions while industrial value-added, natural resources, FDI and total reserves contribute to the degradation of the environment. Additionally, the interaction between industrial value-added and technological innovation also has negative impact on the BRICS countries’ environment. Based on these outcomes, the BRICS economies are enjoined to pursue green technology growth without compromise for environmental quality in the bloc. Finally, numerous significant policy ramifications for protecting environmental quality in BRICS economies have been proposed in the concluding section.
Discerning the role of renewable energy and energy efficiency in finding the path to cleaner consumption and production patterns: New insights from developing economies
(Elsevier, 2022) Shahbaz, Muhammad; Nwani, Chinazaekpere; Bekun, Festus Victor; Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi; Agozie, Divine Q.
This study provides empirical evidence on the relationship between energy efficiency and production-and -consumption based carbon emissions by assessing the impact of population size, income, and clean energy on the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions function. Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MM-QR) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimators are applied to observe long-term associations between the variables, and Dumitrescu-Hurlin (DH) Ganger causality test is used to identify the direction of causality. Findings reveal that, across all specifications, energy intensity and population size have positive (increasing) impact on both estimates of CO2 emissions while renewable energy use has a negatively significant impact and stronger on consumption -based estimates. The presence of an inverted U-shaped curve in the relationship between per capita income and CO2 emissions, as predicted by the Environment Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis, only exists when CO2 emissions are calculated based on production pattern. Further empirical analysis based on DH causality tests show a bidirectional causality between energy intensity and production-based CO2 emissions, population size and consumption-based CO2 emissions, per capita income and consumption-based CO2 emissions, and energy in-tensity and renewable energy use. In addition, a unidirectional causality runs from per capita income to production-based CO2 emissions, and from energy intensity and renewable energy use to consumption-based CO2 emissions. This analysis outlines a paradigm for the formulation of a green development strategy in developing economies via energy and environmental resources.
Do financial development, foreign direct investment, and economic growth enhance industrial development? Fresh evidence from Sub-Sahara African countries
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Appiah, Michael; Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi; Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday; Bekun, Festus Victor
This study investigates the impact of financial development, economic growth, and foreign direct investment on enhancing industrial growth for a panel of selected Sub-Sahara African (SSA) countries from 1990—2017. However, the present study enriches our understanding of financial development by employing a new comprehensive index focused on the accessibility, scope, and productivity of capital systems and banking institutions and incorporated foreign direct investment and economic growth as significant industrial growth drivers in the selected countries. A more robust technique Augmented Mean Group (AMG) and Common Correlated Effect Mean Group (CCEMG), were employed to access the long-run relationship among the understudy variables. Further empirical results shows that financial development and economic growth enhance industrial development with finance exhibiting signifcance while foreign direct investment is seen as adverse. Moreover, a two-way causality was obtained between industrialization and financial development while both foreign direct investment and economic growth had a one-way causality relationship with industrialization. Thus, our study implies that the government officials within these countries must provide a suitable environment for the public, private partnerships, i.e. private sector, which is the backbone for industrial development.
Do Fiscal Policy Outcomes Promote Ethno-Religious Stability in African States?
(Springer, 2024) Olasehinde-Williams, Godwin; Bekun, Festus Victor
This paper studies the conditions under which the use of expansionary fiscal policy may mitigate the risk of initiation, escalation, and repeated cycles of conflict on the African continent. To date, empirical evidence highlighting the effectiveness of expansionary fiscal policy as a means of mitigating conflict in Africa is still limited. This article is an attempt to fill this gap as it addresses this important empirical question in conflict-plagued Africa. The study further expands on previous studies by examining the efficacy of increased government expenditure on conflict in general, as well as on the ethnic and religious dimensions of conflict in Africa. The most encountered forms of conflict in recent times are those that cannot be neatly classified as war, peace, criminal violence or political violence. Ethnic and religious conflicts often fall into this class. This study finds that overall, non-military government expenditures across African states have played a significant role in minimizing general internal conflict, as well as ethnic and religious conflicts. Using data for 32 African nations for the period 1990–2016, the empirical analyses show that raising overall government expenditure can induce reductions in overall internal, ethnic and religious conflicts. The results suggest that total government expenditure has a stronger impact on the reduction of ethnic conflict on the continent. Empirical outcomes also show that causality varies across countries on the continent, an indication that the relationship between conflict and government expenditure is heterogeneous in nature across the continent. The causal effect of government expenditure is however most widespread for ethnic conflict.
Effect of domestic material production on environmental sustainability in EU countries under changing financial development: a dynamic panel threshold regression approach
(Springer, 2024) Usman, Ojonugwa; Iorember, Paul Terhemba; Alola, Andrew Adewale; Bekun, Festus Victor
Although the European Union (EU) has made significant progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the goal of sustainable consumption and production (SDG 12) is reported to be far from being achieved in the region. This study examines the effect of domestic material production on environmental sustainability (measured by greenhouse gas emissions) at different levels of financial development in 19 EU countries over the period 2000-2017. Using a dynamic panel threshold regression approach, the results provide evidence that domestic material production increases greenhouse gas emissions only when financial development is below a threshold of 0.8743%. The effect of domestic material production on greenhouse gas emissions is negative and insignificant when financial development exceeds the estimated threshold. The results further show that domestic material consumption, financial development and investment in research and development all hinder environmental sustainability by intensifying greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, the results indicate that income per capita and renewable energy improve environmental sustainability by dampening greenhouse gas emissions. The robustness of these results is tested using fixed-effects ordinary least squares and random-effects generalised least squares with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors. Therefore, this study offers policy implications for achieving a sustainable environment.
Environmental consequences of foreign direct investment influx and conventional energy consumption: evidence from dynamic ARDL simulation for Turkey
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Agboola, Phillips O.; Hossain, Md. Emran; Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi; Bekun, Festus Victor
The preponderance of emerging economies confronts signifcant trade-ofs between economic growth and environmental sustainability considerations, and Turkey is no exception. This study draws strength from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs-7,11,12 & 13). To this end, the present study explores the role of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the case of Turkey for annual frequency data from 1970 to 2020. The present study leverages on the novel dynamic autoregressive-distributed lag (DARDL) methodology and Bayer and Hanck combined cointegration test. The combined Bayer and Hanck cointegration test alongside ARDL bounds test traces equilibrium relationship between economic growth, urbanization, FDI, energy use, and CO2 emission over the investigated period. Empirical results from the DARDL simulation analysis validates the EKC hypothesis. These results suggest that environmental quality is being compromised for economic growth at the earlier stage of economic growth (scale stage). The EKC phenomenon is afrmed as a 1% increase in economic growth increase emission level by 0.1580% and quadratic economic growth decrease emission by 0.1095% in the short and long run, respectively. Similarly, urbanization and energy used in both the short and long run also worsen environmental quality while FDI infux in the long run improves environmental quality in Turkey. These outcomes have far-reaching environment-urbanization growth implications. From a policy lens, the current study subscribed to the environmental stick policies and investment on strategies on a paradigm shift from fossil-fuel energy consumption base to renewables. Further insights are highlighted in the concluding section.
Environmental sustainability and ecological balance dilemma: accounting for the role of institutional quality
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Agboola, Phillips O.; Bekun, Festus Victor; Agozie, Divine Q.; Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi
Global warming is a global menace mainly driven by human anthropogenic activities. There is a need for environmental sustainability amidst increased economic growth. To this end, this study draws motivation from the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) with special focus on climate change mitigation and ecological balance. Thus, the present study analyses the dynamic relationship between economic growth, conventional energy consumption, access to technological innovation, economic globalisation, and the pertinent role of institutional quality for the case of the Russian Federation. This study employed novel combined Bayer and Hack cointegration test in conjunction with Pesaran’s ARDL bounds testing for robustness. Both tests validate a long-run equilibrium relationship between the outlined variables. Furthermore, empirical results show that increase in economic activities and consumption of energy that stem from a fossil-fuel basis both have deteriorating effect on environmental sustainability for Russia. Additionally, effect of globalisation shows mixed results, such as, in the short run, economic globalisation dampens environmental quality as increase in global integration exacerbates environmental quality, while, in the long term, globalisation improves the quality of the environment. On the contribution of institutional quality, it improves environmental sustainability over the investigated period. Interestingly, renewable is seen as a panacea for environmental sustainability in the Russian Federation given its pertinent effect to improve the environment of Russia. From a policy lens, there is need for a paradigm shift to renewables and clean technologies to mitigate the effect of climate change issues. The concluding section presents more policy strategies.
Examining the interaction effect of control of corruption and income level on environmental quality in Africa
(MDPI, 2022) Usman, Ojonugwa; Iorember, Paul Terhemba; Öztürk, İlhan; Bekun, Festus Victor
The effects of corruption and income on environmental degradation is well established in the literature. However, little attention has been given to how the control of corruption affects the environmental quality at different levels of income. This study examines the interaction effect of the control of corruption and income on environmental quality in Africa over the period from 1996 to 2017. Using a Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR) with fixed effects, the results revealed that both the control of corruption and income level increase CO2 emissions while their interaction term reduces CO2 emissions. This implies that the interaction effect of the control of corruption and income level mitigates carbon emissions. Particularly, the marginal effect of the control of corruption on CO2 emissions decreases as income level increases. Furthermore, renewable energy consumption has a negative and significant effect on CO2 emissions. The effect of foreign direct investment on CO2 emissions is positive and significant, which validates the pollution haven hypothesis. These results are heterogeneous across the quantile distribution of CO2 emissions. Based on these findings, our study suggests the need for the government and policymakers to stimulate income levels as a prerequisite for achieving sound and effective environmental policies in Africa.
External financing for ınclusive growth in lower - middle ıncome west african countries: foreign direct ınvestment versus official development assistance
(Routledge, 2022) Afolabi Ibikunle, Joseph; Uzoechina, Benedict I.; Olasehinde-Williams, Godwin; Bekun, Festus Victor
Most developing countries are plagued with harsh economic realities, which motivate them to seek sustainable economic growth and development in line with goal eight of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. To this end, this paper investigated the source of external financing that is most helpful for achieving inclusive growth in lower-middle-income West African countries. The study is a panel analysis of annual data extending from 2000 to 2019. The study employed the Emirmahmutoglu and Kose Bootstrap Granger Causality Test, Westerlund Cointegration Test, Common Correlated Mean Group estimation technique, and Augmented Mean Group estimation technique for econometric analyses. The long-run empirical results from the study showed that both foreign direct investment and foreign aid have positive and significant effects on inclusive growth, although the impact of foreign direct investment is greater than that of foreign aid. A bi-directional causality was also found to exist between inclusive growth and foreign direct investment, while no causal relationship was detected between inclusive growth and foreign aid. Given the study’s empirical outcomes, it is recommended that West African countries prioritize macroeconomic policy reforms that provide enabling conditions for foreign direct investment to thrive rather than pursue foreign aid that more often than not are misdirected.
Glasgow climate change conference (COP26) and its implications in sub-Sahara Africa economies
(Elsevier, 2023) Adedoyin, Festus Fatai; Bekun, Festus Victor; Hossain, Md. Emran; Ofori, Elvis kwame; Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi; Haseki, Murat İsmet
Alternative energy has been hailed as a feasible resolution to the environmental degradation and energy problems that have plagued Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) recently. The expansion of the clean energy sector, on the other hand, relies on economic growth, effective governance, and financial considerations. As a result, it is important to investigate the links between these variables in SSA. This study investigated the influence of economic growth, institutional quality, foreign direct investment (FDI), and financial development on renewable energy at the national threshold in SSA using a two-step difference GMM model based on panel data collected from 2002 to 2019. The outcome shows that economic growth and all three financial development indicators (FD1, FD2 and FD3) have a positive significant relationship with renewable energy. Furthermore, for SSA countries, FDI, as well as all six proxy factors for institutional quality, had a negative significant influence on renewable energy. Our empirical findings propose a variety of policies that might help the renewable energy sector grow.
Impact of financial development, trade flows, and institution on environmental sustainability in emerging markets
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2023) Bekun, Festus Victor; Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi; Köksal, Cihat; Taha, Amjad
The present study is motivated by the need to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation given the new wave of chase for higher economic growth trajectories comes with its environmental cost implications, especially among developing blocs like the Emerging 7 (E7) countries. There is a consistent trade-off between economic growth versus environmental quality. Government apparatus are perpetually on the chase for low-carbon emission policies via the pursuit for green economy. To this end, this present study extends the conventional environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) argument by incorporating the role of institution in emerging industrialized economies (E7) and using second-generation panel analysis methods like mean group (MG), augmented mean group (AMG), common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG), and the Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test for more robust estimates and inferences. To this end, we explore the long-run and causality relationship between economic growth, quadratic form of economic growth, institutional quality, trade flow, investment in energy sector, and financial development in an EKC environment. Empirical analysis established a long-run equilibrium relationship among the outlined variables over the study period. The long-run regression shows the presence of EKC in the E7. Thus, suggesting the preference for GDP growth over environmental quality at the earlier stage of growth curve. Interestingly, investment in energy, trade flow dynamics across the blocs, and financial development dampens the detrimental effect of environmental pollution as we observed negative relationship with the ecological footprint. On the contrary, quality of institution is weak as institutional quality increase (worsen) the quality of environment in the E7 economies. From a policy perspective, this current study proposed the need for more stringent environmental treaties and regulations and promotion of green economy without compromising economic growth. In the conclusion part of the study, more details and specifics about the policy blueprint are presented.
Interest Rate Volatility and Economic Growth in Nigeria: New Insight from the Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag (QARDL) Model
(Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 2024) Olasehinde-Williams, Godwin; Omotosho, Ruth; Bekun, Festus Victor
This is a study on interest rate volatility, a crucial form of volatility which affects local and foreign investments in the real and financial sectors. Whether to prioritize interest rate stability to prevent distortions in the market mechanism or to prioritize other macroeconomic objectives while allowing interest rates to independently react to market forces is a key question for Nigeria’s apex monetary authority. Answering this question is the primary motivation for this research. This paper is an attempt to establish the effect of interest rate volatility on economic growth and further conclude on the suitability of the financial liberalization policy in Nigeria. To reach an evidence-based conclusion, the paper analyzes the relationship between interest rate volatility and economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1981–2020. The QARDL procedure was employed to establish the short-run and long-run quantile-specific impacts of interest rate volatility. As a final step, Granger causality tests are conducted to investigate the predictive powers of the variables. It is discovered from the econometric analysis that interest rate volatility adversely affects the economic performance of Nigeria in both the short run and long run. Consequently, full liberalization is not suitable for the economy. Moreover, we find that the short-run adverse growth effect of interest rate volatility is greater when the economy is already in a relatively weak state, whereas the long-run adverse growth effect is greater when the economy is already in a relatively strong position. The findings sufficiently prove that full interest rate liberalization is not Pareto efficient for Nigeria. Hence, greater supervision of the interest rate corridor system to reduce volatility in the rates and minimize chances of persistent upward or downward bias is advised. Study limitations and directions for further research are also provided.
Is sustainable energy consumption, technological advancement and urbanization fast addressing south Asia’s green energy expansion deficits?
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi; Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday; Agozie, Divine Q.; Bekun, Festus Victor; Koy, Ayben
The United Nation’s sustainable development goals (UN-SDGs) like accessibility to renewable energies (SDG-7), sustainable production and consumption (SDG-12), as well as stable economic growth all centre on the notion of human development (HDI) and reflected in (SDG-8). In line with this motivation, this study explores the environmental sustainability targets for a panel of South Asian economies that are disproportionately affected by a huge energy deficit i.e., energy poverty, and technological immobility. This study considers evidence from south Asian nations to provide the role of certain indicators of human development in the wake of economic development and environmental quality objectives by unraveling the complex relationships between per capita income, access to technological innovation, access to clean energy, and urbanization. Employing a balanced panel econometric model, this study investigate the hypothesized nexus between specific macro-economic variables among South Asian economies. The empirical evidence indicates that the human development index (HDI), per capita income, accessibility to clean energy, technological innovation, as well as urbanization all exhibits a long-run equilibrium relationship over the study period. However, income per capita, accessibility to clean energy and technological innovation all exert a positive impact on HDI for the selected countries, while urbanization shows a negative impact on HDI. Furthermore, causality relationship shows a feedback causality relationship between income per capita, access to clean energy and urbanization with the human development variable, while access to technological innovation has a one-way causality with the HDI. This current study importantly extends the extant knowledge, by presenting new insights into the interaction between human development and its antecedents from a whole new contextual perspective. These outcomes will assist policymakers and stakeholders to obtain new insights into the crucial role of clean energy accessibility, technological innovation, income per capita, and urbanization on HDI processes among South Asian countries.
Machine Learning Applications in Renewable Energy (MLARE) Research: A Publication Trend and Bibliometric Analysis Study (2012–2021)
(MDPI, 2023) Ajibade, Samuel-Soma M.; Bekun, Festus Victor; Adedoyin, Festus Fatai; Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi; Adediran, Anthonia Oluwatosin
This study examines the research climate on machine learning applications in renewable energy (MLARE). Therefore, the publication trends (PT) and bibliometric analysis (BA) on MLARE re search published and indexed in the Elsevier Scopus database between 2012 and 2021 were examined. The PT was adopted to deduce the major stakeholders, top-cited publications, and funding organi zations on MLARE, whereas BA elucidated critical insights into the research landscape, scientific developments, and technological growth. The PT revealed 1218 published documents compris ing 46.9% articles, 39.7% conference papers, and 6.0% reviews on the topic. Subject area analysis revealed MLARE research spans the areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics among others, which indicates it is a broad, multidisciplinary, and impactful research topic. The most prolific researcher, affiliations, country, and funder are Ravinesh C. Deo, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, United States, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, respectively. The most prominent journals on the top are Applied Energy and Energies, which indicates that journal reputation and open access are critical considerations for the author’s choice of publication outlet. The high productivity of the major stakeholders in MLARE is due to collaborations and research funding support. The keyword co-occurrence analysis identified four (4) clusters or thematic areas on MLARE, which broadly describe the systems, technologies, tools/technologies, and socio-technical dynamics of MLARE research. Overall, the study showed that ML is critical to the prediction, operation, and optimization of renewable energy technologies (RET) along with the design and development of RE-related materials.
Modeling the asymmetric effects of exchange rate, financial development, and oil prices on economic growth
(World Scientific, 2024) Appiah, Michael; Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi; Usman, Ojonugwa; Bekun, Festus Victor
Recent studies on the relationship between exchange rates, oil prices, and economic growth in developing countries like Ghana have used linear methods, but do not account for potential asymmetries. This research investigates the intricate asymmetric effects of exchange rates, financial development, and oil prices on Ghana's growth from 1990-2017 using a nonlinear model. The findings indicate that global oil price has asymmetric effects on short- and long-term growth, with positive price changes having different impacts than negative changes. However, there is no evidence for asymmetric long-term effects of exchange rates and financial development on growth, only short-term asymmetries. The cumulative effects of exchange rates and financial development outweigh oil prices. Recommendations include modernizing fuel efficiency, investing in renewable energy and public transit to address oil price shocks, and increasing market transparency and collaboration between major consumer and producer countries. The nonlinear model provides an evidence-based analysis of the intricate asymmetric relationships between these factors and developing country growth.
New Insights into the Research Landscape on the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Sustainable Smart Cities: A Bibliometric Mapping and Network Analysis Approach
(Econjournals, 2023) Zaidi, Abdelhamid; Ajibade, Samuel-Soma M.; Musa, Majd; Bekun, Festus Victor
Humanity’s quest for safe, resilient, and liveable cities has prompted research into the application of computational tools in the design and development of sustainable smart cities. Thus, the application of artificial intelligence in sustainable smart cities (AISC) has become an important research field with numerous publications, citations, and collaborations. However, scholarly works on publication trends and the research landscape on AISC remain lacking. Therefore, this paper examines the current status and future directions of AISC research. The PRISMA approach was selected to identify, screen, and analyse 1,982 publications on AISC from Scopus between 2011 and 2022. Results showed that the number of publications and citations rose from 2 to 470 and 157 to 1,540, respectively. Stakeholder productivity analysis showed that the most prolific author and affiliation are Tan Yigitcanlar (10 publications and 518 citations) and King Abdulaziz University (23 publications and 793 citations), respectively. Productivity was attributed to national interests, research priorities, and national or international funding. The largest funder of AISC research is the National Natural Science Foundation of China (126 publications or 6.357% of the total publications). Keyword co-occurrence and cluster analyses revealed 6 research hotspots on AISC: Digital innovation and technologies; digital infrastructure and intelligent data systems; cognitive computing; smart sustainability; smart energy efficiency; nexus among artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, data analytics and smart cities. Future research would likely focus on the socio-economic, ethical, policy, and technical aspects of the topic. It is envisaged that global scientific interest in AISC research and relevant publications, citations, products, and services will continue to rise in the future.
A research landscape bibliometric analysis on climate change for last decades: Evidence from applications of machine learning
(Elsevier, 2023) Ajibade, Samuel-Soma M.; Zaidi, Abdelhamid; Bekun, Festus Victor; Adediran, Anthonia Oluwatosin; Bassey, Mbiatke Anthony
Climate change (CC) is one of the greatest threats to human health, safety, and the environment. Given its current and future impacts, numerous studies have employed computational tools (e.g., machine learning, ML) to understand, mitigate, and adapt to CC. Therefore, this paper seeks to comprehensively analyze the research/publications landscape on the MLCC research based on published documents from Scopus. The high productivity and research impact of MLCC has produced highly cited works categorized as science, technology, and engineering to the arts, humanities, and social sciences. The most prolific author is Shamsuddin Shahid (based at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia), whereas the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the most productive affiliation on MLCC research. The most influential countries are the United States and China, which is attributed to the funding activities of the National Science Foundation and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), respectively. Collaboration through co-authorship in high impact journals such as Remote Sensing was also identified as an important factor in the high rate of productivity among the most active stakeholders researching MLCC topics worldwide. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified four major research hotspots/themes on MLCC research that describe the ML techniques, potential risky sectors, remote sensing, and sustainable development dynamics of CC. In conclusion, the paper finds that MLCC research has a significant.
Revisiting the pollution haven hypothesis within the context of the environmental Kuznets curve
(Emerald, 2023) Bekun, Festus Victor; Gyamfi, Bright Akwasi; Etokakpan, Mfonobong Udom; Çakır, Burçin
Purpose: This purpose of this study is to explore the impact of global trend of economic integration and interconnectedness which has drawn the attention of world economies and their implications on trade inflow. This trajectory has its impact, either positive/negative, on key macroeconomic indicators, to say the least on environmental sustainability, especially emerging economies. To this end, the need to explore the connection between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow and energy consumption amidst the wave of economic globalisation is timely and pertinent for the case of Turkey. Design/methodology/approach: This study seeks to explore the interaction between the outlined variables in a carbon-income framework for annual time series data from 1970 to 2016. A series of econometrics strategies was used consisting of unit root tests to examine the stationarity properties of the highlighted series. Subsequently, Pesaran’s Bounds testing technique is used to explore the long-run equilibrium relationship between the highlighted variables in conjunction with the Johansen cointegration test. For long-run regression coefficients, Pesaran’s autoregressive distributed lag and dynamic ordinary least squares methodology are used, and innovative accounting approaches are used to explore the responsiveness of each variable on another. Findings: Empirical results validate the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) in the long run for the case of Turkey. Thus suggesting that FDI inflow induced environmental degradation in Turkey. Additionally, this study observed that renewable energy, on the contrary, improves the quality of the environment. This study also affirms the presence of the environmental Kuznets curve phenomenon, indicating that Turkey, at its early stage of economic trajectory, emphasis is on economic growth rather than environmental quality. This suggests a need for more deliberate action(s) by the government administrators to pursue cleaner FDI inflow and energy technologies and strategies to foster a clean environment in Turkey and a cleaner ecosystem at large. Originality/value: This study is unique in its choice of variables which is in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda to be achieved by 2030 and is very limited in the extant literature. From the economic perspective, the effect of the PHH is of interest especially to ascertain the extent the interplay among the variables has on the economy of Turkey. The empirical insights on PHH hypothesis have received less documentation in the extant literature especially for emerging economy like Turkey. Thus, this study seeks to revisit this theme for Turkey with aim to presents environmentally sustainable strategies without compromise for economic growth. Thus, this study seeks to revisit this theme.

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