Public-private partnership for corporate social responsibility (CSR-PPP): a focus on Turkey

İyigün, Öykü İyigünRahman, Mahfoozur2020-07-222020-07-222019http://katalog.ticaret.edu.tr/e-kaynak/tez/82276.pdfhttps://hdl.handle.net/11467/3296Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Kaynakça var.The thesis study begins with the explanation of concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Public-Private Partnership (PPP), their advantages and constraints with various examples from many parts of the world and goes on to describe the concept of Public-Private Partnership for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR-PPP). Furthermore, examples of some CSR-PPP cases from Italy and India helped get a better insight into the concept of CSR-PP. The main aims of this study is to screen and analyze the CSR-PPP situation in Turkey, the study is divided into three parts i.e. the existing knowledge about the topic of CSR-PPP, the current CSR-PPP situation in Turkey and the future CSR-PPP trends and expectation in Turkey. The concept of CSR-PPP is a new concept with a relatively low amount of resource literature. Since the available secondary data on CSR-PPP is scarce and insufficient to successfully meet the purpose of this study, primary data through interviews is obtained. A total of three interviews were conducted. All the interviewees belonged to different sectors. The first interviewee had worked as Deputy General Manager for Transport, Eurasia Tunnel Project and is also an assistant professor in the department of Civil Engineering at Istanbul Commerce University. The second interviewee is the Deputy Tendering Manager at Özgün Construction Pvt. Ltd. The third and the last interviewee is the president of a PPP consultancy – Public-Private Partnership Center of Excellence (PPPCoE). The findings suggested that the practice of CSR-PPP is new in Turkey although many projects like CSR-PPP exist in Turkey and their number is supposed to increase in future. At the end, the study gives insightful recommendations in order to create better CSR-PPPs in future and also explains the limitations and future areas of research.Bu tez çalışması Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk (CSR) ve Kamu-Özel İşbirliği (PPP) kavramlarının, dünyanın birçok yerinden çeşitli örnekler üzerinden imkanlarının ve sınırlılıklarının açıklanması ile başlayıp Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk için Kamu-Özel İşbirliği (CSR-PPP) kavramının tanımı ile devam etmektedir. Bunun yanında, bu tezde İtalya ve Hindistan’dan bazı CSR-PPP örnekleri, CSR-PPP kavramı hakkında daha iyi bir fikir edinilmesine yardımcı olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Türkiye'deki CSR-PPP durumunu göstermek ve analiz etmektir. Bu çalışma 3 parçaya ayrılmış durumdadır; CSR-PPP konusu hakkındaki mevcut bilgiler, Türkiye’de CSR-PPP meselesinin güncel durumu ve CSR-PPP’nin geleceği üzerine Türkiye’deki eğilimler ve beklentiler. CSR-PPP kavramı, literatürde görece az miktarda kaynağa sahip yeni bir kavramdır. CSR-PPP’deki mevcut ikincil veriler sınırlı ve bu çalışmanın amacını başarılı bir şekilde karşılamak için yetersiz olduğundan, görüşmeler yoluyla birincil veriler elde edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda toplam üç görüşme yapılmıştır. Görüşülen tüm kişiler farklı sektörlerden seçilmiştir. İlk görüşmeci Avrasya Tünel Projesi’nde ulaştırma genel müdür yardımcısı olarak çalışmıştır ve aynı zamanda İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi İnşaat Mühendisliği bölümünde yardımcı doçent olarak görev almaktadır. İkinci görüşmeci, Özgün İnşaat’ta ihale müdür yardımcısı olarak çalışmaktadır. Üçüncü ve son görüşmeci Kamu-Özel İşbirliği Mükemmellik Derneği’nin (PPPCoE) başkanıdır. Bulgular, Türkiye'de CSR-PPP gibi birçok proje bulunmasına rağmen CSR-PPP uygulamasının burada yeni olduğunu ve gelecekte de bu uygulamaların sayısının artması beklendiğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma gelecekte daha iyi CSR-PPP’ler oluşturmak için birtakım önemli tavsiyelerde bulunarak araştırmanın sınırlılıklarını ve gelecekteki alanlarını açıklamaktadır.TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ... 1 CHAPTER 2 THE CONCEPT OF CSR ... 3 2.1 Defining CSR ... 3 2.1.1 CSR: Now and Then ... 4 2.1.2 CSR before 1950 ... 4 2.1.3 CSR after 1950 ... 5 2.2 CSR Theories ... 8 2.2.1 Shareholder Value Theory ... 8 2.2.2 Stakeholder Theory ... 9 2.2.3 Corporate Citizenship ... 12 2.2.4 CSR Pyramid ... 14 2.2.4.1 Economic Responsibilities ... 15 2.2.4.2 Legal Responsibilities ... 15 2.2.4.3 Ethical Responsibilities ... 15 2.2.4.4 Philanthropic Responsibilities ... 16 2.3 Elements of CSR ... 16 2.3.1 Business Ethics ... 16 2.3.2 Sustainable Development ... 17 2.3.3 Corporate Governance ... 17 2.3.4 Environmental Consciousness ... 18 2.3.5 Working with and for the communities ... 18 2.3.6 Better Work Conditions and Labor Relations ... 18 2.3.7 Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) ... 19 CHAPTER 3 THE CONCEPT OF PPP ... 20 3.1 Defining public-private partnership ... 23 3.2 Nature of PPPs ... 24 3.3 Components of PPPs ... 25 3.3.1 Public partner ... 26 3.3.2 Private partner ... 26 3.3.3 Members of the public ... 27 3.3.4 PPP agreement -private partnerships ... 27 3.4 Models of public-private partnerships ... 28 3.4.1 Design, build, operate and finance (DBOF) ... 28 3.4.2 Design, build, finance, and transfer (DBFT) ... 29 3.4.3 Design, build, finance, own, and operate (DBFOO) ... 29 3.4.4 Concession ... 30 3.4.5 Joint venture ... 30 3.5 Purposes of PPPs ... 30 3.5.1 Achievement of value for money ... 31 3.5.2 PPPs enhance quality of public service delivery ... 31 3.5.3 Innovative and creative approaches ... 32 3.5.4 Harnessing resources ... 32 3.5.5 Reduction in scope of government ... 33 3.5.6 Stimulate financial assistance ... 33 3.5.7 Risk Management ... 34 3.5.7.1 Market risks ... 35 3.5.7.2 Changes in legislation ... 35 3.5.7.3 Obsolete technology ... 35 3.5.7.4 Specifications ... 35 3.5.7.5 Operating risks ... 35 3.5.7.6 Asset risk ... 36 3.5.7.7 Construction risk ... 36 3.5.7.8 Demand risk ... 36 3.6 Key Complex Issues in PPP Projects ... 36 3.6.1 Economic ... 36 3.6.2 Risks ... 37 3.6.3 Governance ... 37 3.7 PPP Worldwide ... 38 3.7.1 The Case for Europe ... 38 3.7.2 The Case for Asia ... 38 3.7.3 The Case for Western and Central Africa ... 39 3.7.4 The Case for Southern Africa ... 39 3.7.5 The Case for America ... 40 3.8 Few PPP projects and their success stories ... 41 3.8.1 Perpignan-Figueres rail link ... 41 3.8.2 Argentina’s PPPs ... 42 3.8.3 Channel tunnel PPP ... 42 3.8.4 Madrid-Barajas subway PPP ... 43 3.8.5 Canada line PPP ... 43 3.8.6 Gautang rapid rail link ... 43 3.8.7 Denver PPP ... 44 3.9 Advantages of PPP ... 44 3.9.1 Eases development of large infrastructure plans ... 45 3.9.2 Ensures smooth management of projects ... 45 3.9.3 More relief to governments ... 45 3.9.4 Paves way for a sharp control of costs and deadlines ... 45 3.9.5 Provides innovative ways to ease difficulties ... 45 3.9.6 Results oriented efforts ... 46 3.9.7 Dividing projects into stages ... 46 3.9.8 Develops long term relationships ... 46 3.9.9 Ability to satisfy the needs of masses ... 46 3.10 Some obstacles to a successful PPP ... 47 3.10.1 Contractual Incompleteness ... 47 3.10.2 Regulatory and Contract Management Capture ... 47 3.10.3 Transfer of costs to SPVs ... 47 3.10.4 Giant capital expenditure ... 48 3.10.5 Inability to a concrete forecasting ... 48 3.10.6 Defying the aim of higher value for money (VfM) ... 48 3.10.7 Huge transaction costs ... 48 3.10.8 Complex decision making processs ... 48 CHAPTER 4 PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP FOR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR-PPP) ... 50 CHAPTER 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ... 61 5.1 Research Design ... 61 5.2 Qualitative Interviews ... 61 5.3 Selecting Participants ... 63 5.4 Data Analysis ... 69 CHAPTER 6 FINDINGS ... 70 6.1 Basic Understanding of the concept of CSR-PPP in Turkey ... 70 6.1.1 Primary purpose of a business organization/corporation ... 70 6.1.2 Meaning of CSR-PPP ... 70 6.2 Current situation CSR-PPP in Turkey ... 71 6.2.1 Past CSR-PPP attitude ... 71 6.2.2 Effects of Personal Values of the top executives on CSR-PPP ... 71 6.2.3 Main Deterrents and Motivations for CSR-PPP projects ... 72 6.2.4 CSR-PPP and Environment ... 73 6.2.5 Transparency in CSR-PPP projects ... 73 6.2.6 Achieving both economic and social interests through CSR-PPP ... 74 6.2.7 Overcoming CSR-PPP challenges/achieving collaborative advantage ... 75 6.2.8 Role of broker organizations/intermediaries ... 75 6.2.9 Main aim of CSR-PPP in Turkey ... 76 6.2.10 Support to the 17th Sustainable Development Goal 2030 ... 77 6.3 Future trends and expectations regarding CSR-PPP projects ... 77 6.4 Graphical interpretation of current and future CSR-PPP trends in Turkey and its support to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030 ... 78 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION ... 82 APPENDIX 1: OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS ... 86 APPENDIX 2: CLOSED-ENDED QUESTIONS ... 88 REFERENCES ... 91trinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCorporate Social ResponsibilityPublic-Private PartnershipPublic PrivatePrivate Partnership for Corporate Social ResponsibilitySustainable Development GoalsKurumsal Sosyal SorumlulukKamu-Özel OrtaklığıKurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk için Kamu-Özel OrtaklığıSürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri 2030Sivil Toplum ÖrgütüKamu-özel sektör işbirliği_TürkiyePublic-private sector cooperation_TurkeyHD 3872.T9/R34Public-private partnership for corporate social responsibility (CSR-PPP): a focus on TurkeyMaster Thesis199579194